diff --git a/tutorial/README.adoc b/tutorial/README.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8674979 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/README.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ += 基于Nginx的高可用分布式网关开发手册 + +== 一. 开发环境搭建 +=== 1. 开发环境组成 + +* 操作系统：Windows 11（需要支持WSL2，WSL2为Ubuntu-22.04）； +* 容器： Docker Desktop +* IDE： Visual Studio Code +* 编程语言：C语言为主 +* 编译器： GCC +* 调试工具：gdb +* 其他工具：kimi.ai + +=== 2. 开发环境安装 +暂略 + +=== 3. 开发环境截图 + +* WSL2：不想装虚拟机软件，就用WSL2替代了 + +在windows系统查看wsl版本号： + +image::./imgs/wsl.png[WSL版本] +进入wsl后，查看Linux系统版本号： + +image::./imgs/wsl-linux.png[Linux版本号] +* Docker Desktop：通过创建多个docker容器模拟分布式计算环境：Nginx集群+后端服务器集群 + +Docker Desktop设置截图： + +image::./imgs/DockerDesktop.png[Docker Desktop] +其中，Docker镜像仓库代理设置参考如下： +[source,json] +---- +{ + "builder": { + "gc": { + "defaultKeepStorage": "20GB", + "enabled": true + } + }, + "experimental": false, + "registry-mirrors": [ + "https://dockerproxy.com", + "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com", + "https://mirror.baidubce.com", + "https://ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com" + ] +} +---- +* Visual Studio Code，建议安装以下插件：插件安装方法见Visual Studio Code官网 +1. C语言的插件群，安装方法见：link:https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/languages/cpp[C语言插件] +2. 安装WSL插件（可选）：远程连接WSL子系统，使用WSL子系统作为编译和运行环境，详见link:https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/wsl-tutorial[在WSL进行远程开发]； +3. 安装Dev Container插件：远程连接Docker容器，以将Docker容器作为Nginx组件开发和调试环境，详见：link:https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/devcontainers/create-dev-container[创建Dev Container] + +image::./imgs/dev-container.png[运行中的Dev Container] + +image::./imgs/dev-container-2.png[Visual Studio Code连接Dev Container] + +== 二. Nginx原理 +=== 1. 下载Nginx源码 + +link:https://nginx.org/en/download.html[下载地址] + +image::./imgs/download-nginx-src.png[下载Nginx源码] + +=== 2. 编译Nginx源码 +编译Nginx之前，需要提前安装GCC、Make、GDB等编译工具，安装过程略。 + +Nginx源码结构（不同下载路径，结构略有不同） + +image::./imgs/nginx-src-structure.png[Nginx源码结构] + +编译方法：link:https://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html[编译Nginx源代码] + + +=== 3. 一个开源实例模块 +开源地址：link:https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module[nginx_upstream_check_module] + +=== 4. 编译开源组件 +为了便于编译，我们将编译命令和参数写成shell脚本（`configure-health-check.sh`）： +[source,shell] +---- +#!/bin/sh + +# -g3 -gdwarf-2 允许在gdb调试时查看macro definitions以及macro expansion +# -O0 -DNDEBUG 允许compiler debugging +# --with-debug 开启nginx debugging +# -fexec-charset=GBK 允许nginx输出中文 + ./configure --with-cc-opt="-O0 -DNDEBUG -fexec-charset=GBK -g3 -gdwarf-2" --with-debug --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=/workspaces/cpp-5/nginx_upstream_check_module +---- +其中，+++--prefix+++表示nginx安装目录；+++--with-debug+++允许nginx打开debug模式，并与+++-O0 -g3 -DNDEBUG -gdwarf-2+++配合，避免由于编译优化导致部分调试信息丢失；+++--add-module+++指定开源模块的源码路径。 + +使用以下命令执行脚本： +[source,shell] +---- +sh configure-health-check.sh +---- + +然后再分别执行make和make install安装nginx： +[source,shell] +---- +make +make install +---- +清理编译结果： +[source,shell] +---- +make clean +---- + +=== 5. 调试Nginx +执行以下命令，进入gdb调试界面 +[source,shell] +---- +gdb /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx +---- +image::./imgs/gdb-entry.png[打开gdb调试] +在gdb命令行中开启多线程调试：当主进程fork出子进程后，将自动对子进程调试 +[source,shell] +---- +set follow-fork-mode child +set detach-on-fork on +---- +image::./imgs/gdb-mutil-threads.png[多线程调试开关] +在想要调试的地方设置断点后，开始调试： +[source,shell] +---- +br ngx_http_upstream_check_status_handler +... +start +... +cont +.... +---- +image::./imgs/debug-nginx.png[调试nginx] + +关于gdb调试指令可参考：link:https://wizardforcel.gitbooks.io/100-gdb-tips/content/index.html[gdb调试小技巧] + +== 三. 网关原理 + +参考： + +1. 负载均衡：link:https://www.nginx.org.cn/article/detail/440[] +2. 高可用配置：link:https://blog.csdn.net/IT_10/article/details/89365436[] +3. nginx开发：link:https://tengine.taobao.org/book/[] +4. nginx开发入门：link:https://www.nginx.org.cn/article/detail/443[] +5. nginx中文文档：link:https://wizardforcel.gitbooks.io/nginx-doc/content/index.html[] +6. nginx开发：link:https://www.kancloud.cn/kancloud/master-nginx-develop/51798[] + +== 四. 开发流程 + +== 五. 其他 + +== 六. 参考资料 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/DockerDesktop.png b/tutorial/imgs/DockerDesktop.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c489a8 Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/DockerDesktop.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/debug-nginx.png b/tutorial/imgs/debug-nginx.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d0d848 Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/debug-nginx.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/dev-container-2.png b/tutorial/imgs/dev-container-2.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..390f14e Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/dev-container-2.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/dev-container.png b/tutorial/imgs/dev-container.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32c6be3 Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/dev-container.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/download-nginx-src.png b/tutorial/imgs/download-nginx-src.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a29e6f Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/download-nginx-src.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/gdb-entry.png b/tutorial/imgs/gdb-entry.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95598fb Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/gdb-entry.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/gdb-mutil-threads.png b/tutorial/imgs/gdb-mutil-threads.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0af3e38 Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/gdb-mutil-threads.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/nginx-src-structure.png b/tutorial/imgs/nginx-src-structure.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79aa672 Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/nginx-src-structure.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/wsl-linux.png b/tutorial/imgs/wsl-linux.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20a221c Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/wsl-linux.png differ diff --git a/tutorial/imgs/wsl.png b/tutorial/imgs/wsl.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9653b3a Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorial/imgs/wsl.png differ