diff --git a/include/mir/MIR.h b/include/mir/MIR.h
index 4dfe142..db3ef89 100644
--- a/include/mir/MIR.h
+++ b/include/mir/MIR.h
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ enum class Opcode {
   Br,
   CondBr,
   Label,
+  LoadCallerStackArg, // 从调用者栈帧加载参数
 };
 
 enum class GlobalKind {
@@ -229,13 +230,15 @@ class MachineFunction {
 
   int GetFrameSize() const { return frame_size_; }
   void SetFrameSize(int size) { frame_size_ = size; }
-
+  int GetLocalVarsSize() const { return local_vars_size_; }
+  void SetLocalVarsSize(int s) { local_vars_size_ = s; }
  private:
   std::string name_;
   MachineBasicBlock* entry_ = nullptr;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MachineBasicBlock>> blocks_;
   std::vector<FrameSlot> frame_slots_;
   int frame_size_ = 0;
+  int local_vars_size_ = 0;
 };
 //std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction> LowerToMIR(const ir::Module& module);
 void RunRegAlloc(MachineFunction& function);
diff --git a/src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp b/src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp
index 3f8d776..575169d 100644
--- a/src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp
+++ b/src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const FrameSlot& GetFrameSlot(const MachineFunction& function,
 }
 
 // 32位整数加载/存储
-void EmitStackLoad(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+void EmitStackLoad(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::S0) {
   if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
     os << "  lw " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
   } else {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ void EmitStackLoad(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = Phy
   }
 }
 
-void EmitStackStore(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+void EmitStackStore(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::S0) {
   if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
     os << "  sw " << PhysRegName(src) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
   } else {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void EmitStackStore(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = Ph
 }
 
 // 64位指针加载/存储
-void EmitStackLoad64(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+void EmitStackLoad64(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::S0) {
   if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
     os << "  ld " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
   } else {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void EmitStackLoad64(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = P
   }
 }
 
-void EmitStackStore64(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+void EmitStackStore64(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::S0) {
   if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
     os << "  sd " << PhysRegName(src) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
   } else {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void EmitStackStore64(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base =
 }
 
 // 浮点加载/存储（保持32位）
-void EmitStackLoadFloat(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+void EmitStackLoadFloat(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::S0) {
   if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
     os << "  flw " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
   } else {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ void EmitStackLoadFloat(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base
   }
 }
 
-void EmitStackStoreFloat(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+void EmitStackStoreFloat(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::S0) {
   if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
     os << "  fsw " << PhysRegName(src) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
   } else {
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ void PrintAsmFunction(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os) {
   }
 
   int frame_size = function.GetFrameSize();        // 局部变量区大小（正数）
-  int total_frame_size = frame_size + 16;          // +16 用于保存 ra(8) 和 s0(8)
+  int local_vars = function.GetLocalVarsSize();
+  int total_frame = local_vars + 16 ;   
   bool prologue_done = false;
 
   for (const auto& block_ptr : function.GetBlocks()) {
@@ -111,19 +112,19 @@ void PrintAsmFunction(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os) {
       
       // 在入口块的第一条指令前输出序言
       if (!prologue_done && block.GetName() == "entry") {
-        // 分配栈帧：sp -= total_frame_size
-        if (total_frame_size <= 2047) {
-          os << "  addi sp, sp, -" << total_frame_size << "\n";
+        // 分配栈帧：sp -= total_frame
+        if (total_frame <= 2047) {
+          os << "  addi sp, sp, -" << total_frame << "\n";
         } else {
-          os << "  li t4, -" << total_frame_size << "\n";
+          os << "  li t4, -" << total_frame << "\n";
           os << "  add sp, sp, t4\n";
         }
         
         // 保存 ra 和 s0（在局部变量区之后，即 sp + frame_size 处）
         // ra 保存在 sp + frame_size
         // s0 保存在 sp + frame_size + 8
-        int ra_offset = frame_size;
-        int s0_offset = frame_size + 8;
+        int ra_offset = local_vars;
+        int s0_offset = local_vars + 8;
         
         if (ra_offset <= 2047) {
           os << "  sd ra, " << ra_offset << "(sp)\n";
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ void PrintAsmFunction(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os) {
           os << "  add t4, sp, t4\n";
           os << "  sd s0, 0(t4)\n";
         }
-        
+        os << "  mv s0, sp\n";
         prologue_done = true;
       }
       
@@ -155,47 +156,77 @@ void PrintAsmFunction(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os) {
           break;
         
         case Opcode::Load: {
-          if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.at(1).GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg) {
-            // 寄存器间接寻址 - 使用 ld（64位）
-            os << "  ld " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", 0("
-               << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ")\n";
-          } else {
-            int frame_idx = ops.at(1).GetFrameIndex();
-            const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
-            // 根据槽大小决定加载宽度
-            if (slot.size == 8) {
-              EmitStackLoad64(os, ops.at(0).GetReg(), slot.offset);
+            if (ops.size() == 2 && ops[1].GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg) {
+                os << "  ld " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", 0(" << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ")\n";
+            } else if (ops.size() == 2 && ops[1].GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Imm) {
+                // 用于调用者 outgoing 存储的占位偏移（将在 Outgoing 中修正）
+                int offset = ops[1].GetImm();  // 实际偏移 = local_vars + 16 + offset
+                os << "  ld " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", " << offset << "(sp)\n";
             } else {
-              EmitStackLoad(os, ops.at(0).GetReg(), slot.offset);
+                int frame_idx = ops[1].GetFrameIndex();
+                const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
+                if (slot.size == 8) EmitStackLoad64(os, ops[0].GetReg(), slot.offset);
+                else EmitStackLoad(os, ops[0].GetReg(), slot.offset);
             }
-          }
-          break;
+            break;
         }
-        
+
         case Opcode::Store: {
-          if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.at(1).GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg) {
-            // 寄存器间接寻址 - 使用 sd（64位）
-            os << "  sd " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", 0("
-               << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ")\n";
-          } else {
-            int frame_idx = ops.at(1).GetFrameIndex();
-            const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
-            // 根据槽大小决定存储宽度
-            if (slot.size == 8) {
-              EmitStackStore64(os, ops.at(0).GetReg(), slot.offset);
+            if (ops.size() == 2 && ops[1].GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg) {
+                os << "  sd " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", 0(" << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ")\n";
+            } else if (ops.size() == 2 && ops[1].GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Imm) {
+                // outgoing 存储：偏移 = local_vars + 16 + ops[1].GetImm()
+                int offset = ops[1].GetImm();
+                // 实际偏移需在 AsmPrinter 中加上 local_vars+16，这里简单先直接用 offset（动态修正稍复杂）
+                // 临时方案：直接生成 sw t0, offset(sp)，但 offset 应为 local_vars+16=?
+                // 由于 AsmPrinter 中可访问 function.GetLocalVarsSize()，我们计算：
+                int actual_offset = function.GetLocalVarsSize() + 16 + offset;
+                if (actual_offset <= 2047) os << "  sd " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", " << actual_offset << "(sp)\n";
+                else { /* 扩展大偏移 */ }
             } else {
-              EmitStackStore(os, ops.at(0).GetReg(), slot.offset);
+                int frame_idx = ops[1].GetFrameIndex();
+                const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
+                if (slot.size == 8) EmitStackStore64(os, ops[0].GetReg(), slot.offset);
+                else EmitStackStore(os, ops[0].GetReg(), slot.offset);
             }
-          }
-          break;
-        } 
+            break;
+        }
         
+        case Opcode::LoadCallerStackArg: {
+            // ops: [0] dst (T0), [1] dstFrameIndex, [2] argvIndex (Imm)
+            int argv_index = ops[2].GetImm();
+            int dst_slot = ops[1].GetFrameIndex();
+            int total_frame = function.GetFrameSize();
+            // 调用者栈参数位于 sp + total_frame + argv_index*8
+            int caller_offset = total_frame + argv_index * 8;
+            // 加载到 T0
+            if (caller_offset <= 2047) {
+                os << "  ld " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", " << caller_offset << "(sp)\n";
+            } else {
+                os << "  li t4, " << caller_offset << "\n";
+                os << "  add t4, sp, t4\n";
+                os << "  ld " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", 0(t4)\n";
+            }
+            // 再存入本地槽
+            const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(dst_slot);
+            if (slot.size == 8) {
+                EmitStackStore64(os, ops[0].GetReg(), slot.offset);
+            } else {
+                EmitStackStore(os, ops[0].GetReg(), slot.offset);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
         case Opcode::Add:
           os << "  add " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
              << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
              << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
           break;
-        
+        case Opcode::Addi:
+          os << "  addi " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+            << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ", "
+            << ops[2].GetImm() << "\n";
+          break;
         case Opcode::Sub:
           os << "  sub " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
              << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
@@ -299,10 +330,10 @@ void PrintAsmFunction(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os) {
           const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
           // 计算地址（64 位），offset 是正数
           if (slot.offset <= 2047) {
-            os << "  addi " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", sp, " << slot.offset << "\n";
+            os << "  addi " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", s0, " << slot.offset << "\n";
           } else {
             os << "  li " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", " << slot.offset << "\n";
-            os << "  add " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", sp, " 
+            os << "  add " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", s0, " 
               << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << "\n";
           }
           break;
@@ -322,32 +353,33 @@ void PrintAsmFunction(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os) {
         
         case Opcode::Ret:{
           // 恢复 ra 和 s0
-          int ra_offset = frame_size;
-          int s0_offset = frame_size + 8;
+          int ra_offset = local_vars;
+          int s0_offset = local_vars + 8;
           
           if (ra_offset <= 2047) {
-            os << "  ld ra, " << ra_offset << "(sp)\n";
+            os << "  ld ra, " << ra_offset << "(s0)\n";
           } else {
             os << "  li t3, " << ra_offset << "\n";
-            os << "  add t3, sp, t3\n";
+            os << "  add t3, s0, t3\n";
             os << "  ld ra, 0(t3)\n";
           }
-          
+
+           // 恢复 sp
+          if (total_frame <= 2047) {
+            os << "  addi sp, s0, " << total_frame << "\n";
+          } else {
+            os << "  li t3, " << total_frame << "\n";
+            os << "  add sp, s0, t3\n";
+          }
+
           if (s0_offset <= 2047) {
-            os << "  ld s0, " << s0_offset << "(sp)\n";
+            os << "  ld s0, " << s0_offset << "(s0)\n";
           } else {
             os << "  li t3, " << s0_offset << "\n";
-            os << "  add t3, sp, t3\n";
+            os << "  add t3, s0, t3\n";
             os << "  ld s0, 0(t3)\n";
           }
           
-          // 恢复 sp
-          if (total_frame_size <= 2047) {
-            os << "  addi sp, sp, " << total_frame_size << "\n";
-          } else {
-            os << "  li t3, " << total_frame_size << "\n";
-            os << "  add sp, sp, t3\n";
-          }
           
           os << "  ret\n";
           break;
diff --git a/src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp b/src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp
index 367dbc5..9e04a74 100644
--- a/src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp
+++ b/src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp
@@ -18,19 +18,22 @@ void RunFrameLowering(MachineFunction& function) {
   int cursor = 0;
   const auto& slots = function.GetFrameSlots();
 
-  // 为每个栈槽分配偏移：正偏移，表示相对于 sp 的偏移量
-  // 栈向下增长，sp 减小后，局部变量在 sp 上方（正偏移）
+  // 为每个栈槽分配偏移
   for (const auto& slot : slots) {
-    int align = slot.size;                // 自然对齐（4 或 8 字节）
-    cursor = AlignTo(cursor, align);      // 对齐到所需边界
-    function.GetFrameSlot(slot.index).offset = cursor;  // 正偏移
-    cursor += slot.size;                  // 分配空间
+    int align = slot.size;
+    cursor = AlignTo(cursor, align);
+    function.GetFrameSlot(slot.index).offset = cursor;
+    cursor += slot.size;
   }
 
-  // 栈帧总大小（局部变量区域）按 16 字节对齐
-  function.SetFrameSize(AlignTo(cursor, 16));
+  // 局部变量区按 16 字节对齐
+  int local_vars_size = AlignTo(cursor, 16);
+  function.SetLocalVarsSize(local_vars_size);
 
-  // 在入口块插入 Prologue/Epilogue 占位符
+  // 总帧大小 = 局部变量区 + 16（保存 ra 和 s0）
+  function.SetFrameSize(local_vars_size + 16);
+
+  // 插入 Prologue/Epilogue 占位符（原逻辑）
   auto& insts = function.GetEntry()->GetInstructions();
   std::vector<MachineInstr> lowered;
   lowered.emplace_back(Opcode::Prologue);
diff --git a/src/mir/Lowering.cpp b/src/mir/Lowering.cpp
index f86a587..d93e3c9 100644
--- a/src/mir/Lowering.cpp
+++ b/src/mir/Lowering.cpp
@@ -368,33 +368,95 @@ void LowerInstructionToBlock(const ir::Instruction& inst, MachineFunction& funct
     }
     
     case ir::Opcode::Call: {
-      auto& call = static_cast<const ir::CallInst&>(inst);
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < call.GetNumArgs() && i < 8; i++) {
-        // 根据参数的实际类型决定使用浮点还是整数寄存器
-        bool arg_is_float = call.GetArg(i)->GetType()->IsFloat32();
-        if (arg_is_float) {
-          PhysReg floatArgReg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::FA0) + i);
-          EmitValueToReg(call.GetArg(i), floatArgReg, slots, block);
-        } else {
-          PhysReg intArgReg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::A0) + i);
-          EmitValueToReg(call.GetArg(i), intArgReg, slots, block);
+        auto& call = static_cast<const ir::CallInst&>(inst);
+        int numArgs = static_cast<int>(call.GetNumArgs());
+        int regArgs = std::min(numArgs, 8);
+        int stackArgs = numArgs - regArgs;
+
+        // 调用者动态扩展栈以容纳栈参数
+        if (stackArgs > 0) {
+            int stackSpace = stackArgs * 8;
+            // sp -= stackSpace
+            if (stackSpace <= 2047) {
+                block.Append(Opcode::Addi, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                            Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                            Operand::Imm(-stackSpace)});
+            } else {
+                block.Append(Opcode::MovImm, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4), Operand::Imm(-stackSpace)});
+                block.Append(Opcode::Add, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4)});
+            }
         }
-      }
-      std::string func_name = call.GetCalleeName();
-      block.Append(Opcode::Call, {Operand::Func(func_name)});
-      if (!call.GetType()->IsVoid()) {
-        int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex();
-        bool ret_is_float = call.GetType()->IsFloat32();
-        if (ret_is_float) {
-          StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::FA0, dst_slot, block, true);
-        } else {
-          StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::A0, dst_slot, block, false);
+
+        // 寄存器参数 (前 8 个)
+        for (int i = 0; i < regArgs; i++) {
+            bool arg_is_float = call.GetArg(i)->GetType()->IsFloat32();
+            if (arg_is_float) {
+                PhysReg freg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::FA0) + i);
+                EmitValueToReg(call.GetArg(i), freg, slots, block);
+            } else {
+                PhysReg ireg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::A0) + i);
+                EmitValueToReg(call.GetArg(i), ireg, slots, block);
+            }
         }
-        slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
-      }
-      return;
+
+        // 栈参数：存入 sp + offset 处
+        for (int i = regArgs; i < numArgs; i++) {
+            EmitValueToReg(call.GetArg(i), PhysReg::T0, slots, block);
+            int offset = (i - regArgs) * 8;
+            // 计算 sp+offset 到 t4
+            if (offset == 0) {
+                block.Append(Opcode::MovImm, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4), Operand::Imm(0)}); // t4=0
+                block.Append(Opcode::Add, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4)});
+            } else if (offset <= 2047) {
+                block.Append(Opcode::Addi, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4),
+                                            Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                            Operand::Imm(offset)});
+            } else {
+                block.Append(Opcode::MovImm, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4), Operand::Imm(offset)});
+                block.Append(Opcode::Add, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4)});
+            }
+            // Store T0 -> [t4]
+            block.Append(Opcode::Store, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4)});
+        }
+
+        std::string func_name = call.GetCalleeName();
+        block.Append(Opcode::Call, {Operand::Func(func_name)});
+
+        // 恢复 sp
+        if (stackArgs > 0) {
+            int stackSpace = stackArgs * 8;
+            if (stackSpace <= 2047) {
+                block.Append(Opcode::Addi, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                            Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                            Operand::Imm(stackSpace)});
+            } else {
+                block.Append(Opcode::MovImm, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4), Operand::Imm(stackSpace)});
+                block.Append(Opcode::Add, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::SP),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T4)});
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 返回值处理（保持不变）
+        if (!call.GetType()->IsVoid()) {
+            int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex();
+            bool ret_is_float = call.GetType()->IsFloat32();
+            if (ret_is_float) {
+                StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::FA0, dst_slot, block, true);
+            } else {
+                StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::A0, dst_slot, block, false);
+            }
+            slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+        }
+        return;
     }
-    
+
     case ir::Opcode::ICmp: {
       auto& icmp = static_cast<const ir::ICmpInst&>(inst);
       int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex();
@@ -599,33 +661,38 @@ std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction> LowerFunctionToMIR(const ir::Function& func) {
   auto machine_func = std::make_unique<MachineFunction>(func.GetName());
   ValueSlotMap slots;
 
-  // ========== 新增：为函数参数分配栈槽 ==========
+  // 计算局部变量大小
   for (size_t i = 0; i < func.GetNumArgs(); i++) {
-    ir::Argument* arg = func.GetArgument(i);
-    
-    // 🔑 修改：指针类型分配 8 字节，其他分配 4 字节
-    int size = 4;
-    if (arg->GetType()->IsPtrInt32() || arg->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32()) {
-      size = 8;  // 指针在 RV64 上是 8 字节
-    }
-    int slot = machine_func->CreateFrameIndex(size);
-    
-    PhysReg argReg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::A0) + i);
-    MachineBasicBlock* entry = machine_func->GetEntry();
-    
-    // 存储参数到栈槽
-    if (arg->GetType()->IsPtrInt32() || arg->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32()) {
-      // 指针类型：使用 64 位存储（注意：Store 在 MIR 层会根据 slot.size 决定用 sw 还是 sd）
-      entry->Append(Opcode::Store, {Operand::Reg(argReg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
-    } else if (arg->GetType()->IsInt32()) {
-      entry->Append(Opcode::Store, {Operand::Reg(argReg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
-    } else if (arg->GetType()->IsFloat32()) {
-      entry->Append(Opcode::StoreFloat, {Operand::Reg(argReg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
-    }
-    
-    slots[arg] = slot;
-  }
+      ir::Argument* arg = func.GetArgument(i);
+
+      // 指针类型分配 8 字节，其他 4 字节（槽大小）
+      int size = (arg->GetType()->IsPtrInt32() || arg->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32()) ? 8 : 4;
+      int slot = machine_func->CreateFrameIndex(size);
+      MachineBasicBlock* entry = machine_func->GetEntry();
+
+      if (i < 8) {
+          // 寄存器参数：从 A0..A7 / FA0..FA7 保存到本地栈槽
+          PhysReg argReg;
+          if (arg->GetType()->IsFloat32()) {
+              argReg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::FA0) + i);
+              entry->Append(Opcode::StoreFloat, {Operand::Reg(argReg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
+          } else {
+              argReg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::A0) + i);
+              entry->Append(Opcode::Store, {Operand::Reg(argReg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
+          }
+      } else {
+          // 栈参数：从调用者的动态栈帧加载到本地栈槽
+          // 使用 LoadCallerStackArg 特殊指令，参数索引 = i - 8
+          entry->Append(Opcode::LoadCallerStackArg, {
+              Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),                // 临时寄存器
+              Operand::FrameIndex(slot),                // 目标本地栈槽
+              Operand::Imm(static_cast<int>(i - 8))     // 栈参数索引
+          });
+      }
 
+      slots[arg] = slot;
+  }
+  
   // 第一遍：创建所有 IR 基本块对应的 MIR 基本块
   for (const auto& ir_block : func.GetBlocks()) {
     GetOrCreateBlock(ir_block.get(), *machine_func);