/* NetHack 3.7	hacklib.c	$NHDT-Date: 1596498172 2020/08/03 23:42:52 $  $NHDT-Branch: NetHack-3.7 $:$NHDT-Revision: 1.85 $ */
/* Copyright (c) Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, 1985. */
/*-Copyright (c) Michael Allison, 2007. */
/* Copyright (c) Robert Patrick Rankin, 1991                      */
/* NetHack may be freely redistributed.  See license for details. */

#include "hack.h" /* for config.h+extern.h */
/*=
    Assorted 'small' utility routines.  They're virtually independent of
    NetHack, except that rounddiv may call panic().  setrandom calls one
    of srandom(), srand48(), or srand() depending upon configuration.

      return type     routine name    argument type(s)
        boolean         digit           (char)
        boolean         letter          (char)
        char            highc           (char)
        char            lowc            (char)
        char *          lcase           (char *)
        char *          ucase           (char *)
        char *          upstart         (char *)
        char *          upwords         (char *)
        char *          mungspaces      (char *)
        char *          trimspaces      (char *)
        char *          strip_newline   (char *)
        char *          stripchars      (char *, const char *, const char *)
        char *          stripdigits     (char *)
        unsigned        Strlen_         (const char *str, const char *, int)
        char *          eos             (char *)
        const char *    c_eos           (const char *)
        boolean         str_start_is    (const char *, const char *, boolean)
        boolean         str_end_is      (const char *, const char *)
        int             str_lines_maxlen (const char *)
        char *          strkitten       (char *,char)
        void            copynchars      (char *,const char *,int)
        char            chrcasecpy      (int,int)
        char *          strcasecpy      (char *,const char *)
        char *          s_suffix        (const char *)
        char *          ing_suffix      (const char *)
        char *          xcrypt          (const char *, char *)
        boolean         onlyspace       (const char *)
        char *          tabexpand       (char *)
        char *          visctrl         (char)
        char *          strsubst        (char *, const char *, const char *)
        int             strNsubst       (char *,const char *,const char *,int)
        const char *    findword        (const char *,const char *,int,boolean)
        const char *    ordin           (int)
        char *          sitoa           (int)
        int             sgn             (int)
        int             rounddiv        (long, int)
        int             distmin         (int, int, int, int)
        int             dist2           (int, int, int, int)
        boolean         online2         (int, int)
        boolean         pmatch          (const char *, const char *)
        boolean         pmatchi         (const char *, const char *)
        boolean         pmatchz         (const char *, const char *)
        int             strncmpi        (const char *, const char *, int)
        char *          strstri         (const char *, const char *)
        boolean         fuzzymatch      (const char *, const char *,
                                         const char *, boolean)
        void            setrandom       (void)
        void            init_random     (fn)
        void            reseed_random   (fn)
        time_t          getnow          (void)
        int             getyear         (void)
        char *          yymmdd          (time_t)
        long            yyyymmdd        (time_t)
        long            hhmmss          (time_t)
        char *          yyyymmddhhmmss  (time_t)
        time_t          time_from_yyyymmddhhmmss (char *)
        int             phase_of_the_moon (void)
        boolean         friday_13th     (void)
        int             night           (void)
        int             midnight        (void)
        void            strbuf_init     (strbuf *, const char *)
        void            strbuf_append   (strbuf *, const char *)
        void            strbuf_reserve  (strbuf *, int)
        void            strbuf_empty    (strbuf *)
        void            strbuf_nl_to_crlf (strbuf_t *)
        int             swapbits        (int, int, int)
        void            shuffle_int_array (int *, int)
        void            nh_snprintf     (const char *, int, char *, size_t,
                                         const char *, ...)
=*/
static boolean pmatch_internal(const char *, const char *, boolean,
                               const char *);

/* is 'c' a digit? */
boolean
digit(char c)
{
    return (boolean) ('0' <= c && c <= '9');
}

/* is 'c' a letter?  note: '@' classed as letter */
boolean
letter(char c)
{
    return (boolean) ('@' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z');
}

/* force 'c' into uppercase */
char
highc(char c)
{
    return (char) (('a' <= c && c <= 'z') ? (c & ~040) : c);
}

/* force 'c' into lowercase */
char
lowc(char c)
{
    return (char) (('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') ? (c | 040) : c);
}

/* convert a string into all lowercase */
char *
lcase(char *s)
{
    register char *p;

    for (p = s; *p; p++)
        if ('A' <= *p && *p <= 'Z')
            *p |= 040;
    return s;
}

/* convert a string into all uppercase */
char *
ucase(char *s)
{
    register char *p;

    for (p = s; *p; p++)
        if ('a' <= *p && *p <= 'z')
            *p &= ~040;
    return s;
}

/* convert first character of a string to uppercase */
char *
upstart(char *s)
{
    if (s)
        *s = highc(*s);
    return s;
}

/* capitalize first letter of every word in a string (in place) */
char *
upwords(char *s)
{
    char *p;
    boolean space = TRUE;

    for (p = s; *p; p++)
        if (*p == ' ') {
            space = TRUE;
        } else if (space && letter(*p)) {
            *p = highc(*p);
            space = FALSE;
        } else {
            space = FALSE;
        }
    return s;
}

/* remove excess whitespace from a string buffer (in place) */
char *
mungspaces(char *bp)
{
    register char c, *p, *p2;
    boolean was_space = TRUE;

    for (p = p2 = bp; (c = *p) != '\0'; p++) {
        if (c == '\n')
            break; /* treat newline the same as end-of-string */
        if (c == '\t')
            c = ' ';
        if (c != ' ' || !was_space)
            *p2++ = c;
        was_space = (c == ' ');
    }
    if (was_space && p2 > bp)
        p2--;
    *p2 = '\0';
    return bp;
}

/* skip leading whitespace; remove trailing whitespace, in place */
char *
trimspaces(char *txt)
{
    char *end;

    /* leading whitespace will remain in the buffer */
    while (*txt == ' ' || *txt == '\t')
        txt++;
    end = eos(txt);
    while (--end >= txt && (*end == ' ' || *end == '\t'))
        *end = '\0';

    return txt;
}

/* remove \n from end of line; remove \r too if one is there */
char *
strip_newline(char *str)
{
    char *p = strrchr(str, '\n');

    if (p) {
        if (p > str && *(p - 1) == '\r')
            --p;
        *p = '\0';
    }
    return str;
}

/* return the end of a string (pointing at '\0') */
char *
eos(register char *s)
{
    while (*s)
        s++; /* s += strlen(s); */
    return s;
}

const char *
c_eos(const char *s)
{
    while (*s)
        s++; /* s += strlen(s); */
    return s;
}

/* like strlen(3) but returns unsigned and panics if string is unreasonably long */
unsigned
Strlen_(const char *str, const char *file, int line){
    size_t len = strnlen(str, LARGEST_INT);

    if (len == LARGEST_INT)
        panic("%s:%d string too long", file, line);
    return (unsigned) len;
}

/* determine whether 'str' starts with 'chkstr', possibly ignoring case;
 * panics on huge strings */
boolean
str_start_is(const char *str, const char *chkstr, boolean caseblind)
{
    int n = LARGEST_INT;

    while (n--) {
        char t1, t2;
        if (!*str)
            return (*chkstr == 0); /* chkstr >= str */
        else if (!*chkstr)
            return TRUE; /* chkstr < str */
        t1 = caseblind ? lowc(*str) : *str;
        t2 = caseblind ? lowc(*chkstr) : *chkstr;
        str++, chkstr++;
        if (t1 != t2)
            return FALSE;
    }
    if (n == 0)
        panic("string too long");
    return TRUE;
}

/* determine whether 'str' ends in 'chkstr' */
boolean
str_end_is(const char *str, const char *chkstr)
{
    int clen = (int) strlen(chkstr);

    if ((int) strlen(str) >= clen)
        return (boolean) (!strncmp(eos((char *) str) - clen, chkstr, clen));
    return FALSE;
}

/* return max line length from buffer comprising newline-separated strings */
int
str_lines_maxlen(const char *str)
{
    const char *s1, *s2;
    int len, max_len = 0;

    s1 = str;
    while (s1 && *s1) {
        s2 = strchr(s1, '\n');
        if (s2) {
            len = (int) (s2 - s1);
            s1 = s2 + 1;
        } else {
            len = (int) strlen(s1);
            s1 = (char *) 0;
        }
        if (len > max_len)
            max_len = len;
    }

    return max_len;
}

/* append a character to a string (in place): strcat(s, {c,'\0'}); */
char *
strkitten(char *s, char c)
{
    char *p = eos(s);

    *p++ = c;
    *p = '\0';
    return s;
}

/* truncating string copy */
void
copynchars(char *dst, const char *src, int n)
{
    /* copies at most n characters, stopping sooner if terminator reached;
       treats newline as input terminator; unlike strncpy, always supplies
       '\0' terminator so dst must be able to hold at least n+1 characters */
    while (n > 0 && *src != '\0' && *src != '\n') {
        *dst++ = *src++;
        --n;
    }
    *dst = '\0';
}

/* convert char nc into oc's case; mostly used by strcasecpy */
char
chrcasecpy(int oc, int nc)
{
#if 0 /* this will be necessary if we switch to <ctype.h> */
    oc = (int) (unsigned char) oc;
    nc = (int) (unsigned char) nc;
#endif
    if ('a' <= oc && oc <= 'z') {
        /* old char is lower case; if new char is upper case, downcase it */
        if ('A' <= nc && nc <= 'Z')
            nc += 'a' - 'A'; /* lowc(nc) */
    } else if ('A' <= oc && oc <= 'Z') {
        /* old char is upper case; if new char is lower case, upcase it */
        if ('a' <= nc && nc <= 'z')
            nc += 'A' - 'a'; /* highc(nc) */
    }
    return (char) nc;
}

/* overwrite string, preserving old chars' case;
   for case-insensitive editions of makeplural() and makesingular();
   src might be shorter, same length, or longer than dst */
char *
strcasecpy(char *dst, const char *src)
{
    char *result = dst;
    int ic, oc, dst_exhausted = 0;

    /* while dst has characters, replace each one with corresponding
       character from src, converting case in the process if they differ;
       once dst runs out, propagate the case of its last character to any
       remaining src; if dst starts empty, it must be a pointer to the
       tail of some other string because we examine the char at dst[-1] */
    while ((ic = (int) *src++) != '\0') {
        if (!dst_exhausted && !*dst)
            dst_exhausted = 1;
        oc = (int) *(dst - dst_exhausted);
        *dst++ = chrcasecpy(oc, ic);
    }
    *dst = '\0';
    return result;
}

/* return a name converted to possessive */
char *
s_suffix(const char *s)
{
    static char buf[BUFSZ];

    Strcpy(buf, s);
    if (!strcmpi(buf, "it")) /* it -> its */
        Strcat(buf, "s");
    else if (!strcmpi(buf, "you")) /* you -> your */
        Strcat(buf, "r");
    else if (*(eos(buf) - 1) == 's') /* Xs -> Xs' */
        Strcat(buf, "'");
    else /* X -> X's */
        Strcat(buf, "'s");
    return buf;
}

/* construct a gerund (a verb formed by appending "ing" to a noun) */
char *
ing_suffix(const char *s)
{
    static const char vowel[] = "aeiouwy";
    static char buf[BUFSZ];
    char onoff[10];
    char *p;

    Strcpy(buf, s);
    p = eos(buf);
    onoff[0] = *p = *(p + 1) = '\0';
    if ((p >= &buf[3] && !strcmpi(p - 3, " on"))
        || (p >= &buf[4] && !strcmpi(p - 4, " off"))
        || (p >= &buf[5] && !strcmpi(p - 5, " with"))) {
        p = strrchr(buf, ' ');
        Strcpy(onoff, p);
        *p = '\0';
    }
    if (p >= &buf[2] && !strcmpi(p - 2, "er")) { /* slither + ing */
        /* nothing here */
    } else if (p >= &buf[3] && !strchr(vowel, *(p - 1))
        && strchr(vowel, *(p - 2)) && !strchr(vowel, *(p - 3))) {
        /* tip -> tipp + ing */
        *p = *(p - 1);
        *(p + 1) = '\0';
    } else if (p >= &buf[2] && !strcmpi(p - 2, "ie")) { /* vie -> vy + ing */
        *(p - 2) = 'y';
        *(p - 1) = '\0';
    } else if (p >= &buf[1] && *(p - 1) == 'e') /* grease -> greas + ing */
        *(p - 1) = '\0';
    Strcat(buf, "ing");
    if (onoff[0])
        Strcat(buf, onoff);
    return buf;
}

/* trivial text encryption routine (see makedefs) */
char *
xcrypt(const char *str, char *buf)
{
    register const char *p;
    register char *q;
    register int bitmask;

    for (bitmask = 1, p = str, q = buf; *p; q++) {
        *q = *p++;
        if (*q & (32 | 64))
            *q ^= bitmask;
        if ((bitmask <<= 1) >= 32)
            bitmask = 1;
    }
    *q = '\0';
    return buf;
}

/* is a string entirely whitespace? */
boolean
onlyspace(const char *s)
{
    for (; *s; s++)
        if (*s != ' ' && *s != '\t')
            return FALSE;
    return TRUE;
}

/* expand tabs into proper number of spaces (in place) */
char *
tabexpand(
    char *sbuf) /* assumed to be [BUFSZ] but can be smaller provided that
                 * expanded string fits; expansion bigger than BUFSZ-1
                 * will be truncated */
{
    char buf[BUFSZ + 10];
    register char *bp, *s = sbuf;
    register int idx;

    if (!*s)
        return sbuf;
    for (bp = buf, idx = 0; *s; s++) {
        if (*s == '\t') {
            /*
             * clang-8's optimizer at -Os has been observed to mis-compile
             * this code.  Symptom is nethack getting stuck in an apparent
             * infinite loop (or perhaps just an extremely long one) when
             * examining data.base entries.
             * clang-9 doesn't exhibit this problem.  [Was the incorrect
             * optimization fixed or just disabled?]
             */
            do
                *bp++ = ' ';
            while (++idx % 8);
        } else {
            *bp++ = *s;
            ++idx;
        }
        if (idx >= BUFSZ) {
            bp = &buf[BUFSZ - 1];
            break;
        }
    }
    *bp = 0;
    return strcpy(sbuf, buf);
}

#define VISCTRL_NBUF 5
/* make a displayable string from a character */
char *
visctrl(char c)
{
    static char visctrl_bufs[VISCTRL_NBUF][5];
    static int nbuf = 0;
    register int i = 0;
    char *ccc = visctrl_bufs[nbuf];
    nbuf = (nbuf + 1) % VISCTRL_NBUF;

    if ((uchar) c & 0200) {
        ccc[i++] = 'M';
        ccc[i++] = '-';
    }
    c &= 0177;
    if (c < 040) {
        ccc[i++] = '^';
        ccc[i++] = c | 0100; /* letter */
    } else if (c == 0177) {
        ccc[i++] = '^';
        ccc[i++] = c & ~0100; /* '?' */
    } else {
        ccc[i++] = c; /* printable character */
    }
    ccc[i] = '\0';
    return ccc;
}

/* strip all the chars in stuff_to_strip from orig */
/* caller is responsible for ensuring that bp is a
   valid pointer to a BUFSZ buffer */
char *
stripchars(char *bp, const char *stuff_to_strip, const char *orig)
{
    int i = 0;
    char *s = bp;

    if (s) {
        while (*orig && i < (BUFSZ - 1)) {
            if (!strchr(stuff_to_strip, *orig)) {
                *s++ = *orig;
                i++;
            }
            orig++;
        }
        *s = '\0';
    } else
        impossible("no output buf in stripchars");
    return bp;
}

/* remove digits from string */
char *
stripdigits(char *s)
{
    char *s1, *s2;

    for (s1 = s2 = s; *s1; s1++)
        if (*s1 < '0' || *s1 > '9')
            *s2++ = *s1;
    *s2 = '\0';

    return s;
}

/* substitute a word or phrase in a string (in place) */
/* caller is responsible for ensuring that bp points to big enough buffer */
char *
strsubst(char *bp, const char *orig, const char *replacement)
{
    char *found, buf[BUFSZ];

    if (bp) {
        /* [this could be replaced by strNsubst(bp, orig, replacement, 1)] */
        found = strstr(bp, orig);
        if (found) {
            Strcpy(buf, found + strlen(orig));
            Strcpy(found, replacement);
            Strcat(bp, buf);
        }
    }
    return bp;
}

/* substitute the Nth occurrence of a substring within a string (in place);
   if N is 0, substitute all occurrences; returns the number of substitutions;
   maximum output length is BUFSZ (BUFSZ-1 chars + terminating '\0') */
int
strNsubst(
    char *inoutbuf,   /* current string, and result buffer */
    const char *orig, /* old substring; if "", insert in front of Nth char */
    const char *replacement, /* new substring; if "", delete old substring */
    int n) /* which occurrence to replace; 0 => all */
{
    char *bp, *op, workbuf[BUFSZ];
    const char *rp;
    unsigned len = (unsigned) strlen(orig);
    int ocount = 0, /* number of times 'orig' has been matched */
        rcount = 0; /* number of subsitutions made */

    for (bp = inoutbuf, op = workbuf; *bp && op < &workbuf[BUFSZ - 1]; ) {
        if ((!len || !strncmp(bp, orig, len)) && (++ocount == n || n == 0)) {
            /* Nth match found */
            for (rp = replacement; *rp && op < &workbuf[BUFSZ - 1]; )
                *op++ = *rp++;
            ++rcount;
            if (len) {
                bp += len; /* skip 'orig' */
                continue;
            }
        }
        /* no match (or len==0) so retain current character */
        *op++ = *bp++;
    }
    if (!len && n == ocount + 1) {
        /* special case: orig=="" (!len) and n==strlen(inoutbuf)+1,
           insert in front of terminator (in other words, append);
           [when orig=="", ocount will have been incremented once for
           each input char] */
        for (rp = replacement; *rp && op < &workbuf[BUFSZ - 1]; )
            *op++ = *rp++;
        ++rcount;
    }
    if (rcount) {
        *op = '\0';
        Strcpy(inoutbuf, workbuf);
    }
    return rcount;
}

/* search for a word in a space-separated list; returns non-Null if found */
const char *
findword(
    const char *list,   /* string of space-separated words */
    const char *word,   /* word to try to find */
    int wordlen,        /* so that it isn't required to be \0 terminated */
    boolean ignorecase) /* T: case-blind, F: case-sensitive */
{
    const char *p = list;

    while (p) {
        while (*p == ' ')
            ++p;
        if (!*p)
            break;
        if ((ignorecase ? !strncmpi(p, word, wordlen)
                        : !strncmp(p, word, wordlen))
            && (p[wordlen] == '\0' || p[wordlen] == ' '))
            return p;
        p = strchr(p + 1, ' ');
    }
    return (const char *) 0;
}

/* return the ordinal suffix of a number */
const char *
ordin(int n)               /* note: should be non-negative */
{
    register int dd = n % 10;

    return (dd == 0 || dd > 3 || (n % 100) / 10 == 1) ? "th"
               : (dd == 1) ? "st" : (dd == 2) ? "nd" : "rd";
}

DISABLE_WARNING_FORMAT_NONLITERAL  /* one compiler complains about
                                      result of ?: for format string */

/* make a signed digit string from a number */
char *
sitoa(int n)
{
    static char buf[13];

    Sprintf(buf, (n < 0) ? "%d" : "+%d", n);
    return buf;
}

RESTORE_WARNING_FORMAT_NONLITERAL

/* return the sign of a number: -1, 0, or 1 */
int
sgn(int n)
{
    return (n < 0) ? -1 : (n != 0);
}

/* calculate x/y, rounding as appropriate */
int
rounddiv(long x, int y)
{
    int r, m;
    int divsgn = 1;

    if (y == 0)
        panic("division by zero in rounddiv");
    else if (y < 0) {
        divsgn = -divsgn;
        y = -y;
    }
    if (x < 0) {
        divsgn = -divsgn;
        x = -x;
    }
    r = (int) (x / y);
    m = x % y;
    if (2 * m >= y)
        r++;

    return divsgn * r;
}

/* distance between two points, in moves */
int
distmin(coordxy x0, coordxy y0, coordxy x1, coordxy y1)
{
    coordxy dx = x0 - x1, dy = y0 - y1;

    if (dx < 0)
        dx = -dx;
    if (dy < 0)
        dy = -dy;
    /*  The minimum number of moves to get from (x0,y0) to (x1,y1) is the
     *  larger of the [absolute value of the] two deltas.
     */
    return (dx < dy) ? dy : dx;
}

/* square of Euclidean distance between pair of pts */
int
dist2(coordxy x0, coordxy y0, coordxy x1, coordxy y1)
{
    coordxy dx = x0 - x1, dy = y0 - y1;

    return dx * dx + dy * dy;
}

/* integer square root function without using floating point */
int
isqrt(int val)
{
    int rt = 0;
    int odd = 1;
    /*
     * This could be replaced by a faster algorithm, but has not been because:
     * + the simple algorithm is easy to read;
     * + this algorithm does not require 64-bit support;
     * + in current usage, the values passed to isqrt() are not really that
     *   large, so the performance difference is negligible;
     * + isqrt() is used in only few places, which are not bottle-necks.
     */
    while (val >= odd) {
        val = val - odd;
        odd = odd + 2;
        rt = rt + 1;
    }
    return rt;
}

/* are two points lined up (on a straight line)? */
boolean
online2(coordxy x0, coordxy y0, coordxy x1, coordxy y1)
{
    int dx = x0 - x1, dy = y0 - y1;
    /*  If either delta is zero then they're on an orthogonal line,
     *  else if the deltas are equal (signs ignored) they're on a diagonal.
     */
    return (boolean) (!dy || !dx || dy == dx || dy == -dx);
}

/* guts of pmatch(), pmatchi(), and pmatchz();
   match a string against a pattern */
static boolean
pmatch_internal(const char *patrn, const char *strng,
                boolean ci,     /* True => case-insensitive,
                                   False => case-sensitive */
                const char *sk) /* set of characters to skip */
{
    char s, p;
    /*
     *  Simple pattern matcher:  '*' matches 0 or more characters, '?' matches
     *  any single character.  Returns TRUE if 'strng' matches 'patrn'.
     */
 pmatch_top:
    if (!sk) {
        s = *strng++;
        p = *patrn++; /* get next chars and pre-advance */
    } else {
        /* fuzzy match variant of pmatch; particular characters are ignored */
        do {
            s = *strng++;
        } while (strchr(sk, s));
        do {
            p = *patrn++;
        } while (strchr(sk, p));
    }
    if (!p)                           /* end of pattern */
        return (boolean) (s == '\0'); /* matches iff end of string too */
    else if (p == '*')                /* wildcard reached */
        return (boolean) ((!*patrn
                           || pmatch_internal(patrn, strng - 1, ci, sk))
                          ? TRUE
                          : s ? pmatch_internal(patrn - 1, strng, ci, sk)
                              : FALSE);
    else if ((ci ? lowc(p) != lowc(s) : p != s) /* check single character */
             && (p != '?' || !s))               /* & single-char wildcard */
        return FALSE;                           /* doesn't match */
    else                 /* return pmatch_internal(patrn, strng, ci, sk); */
        goto pmatch_top; /* optimize tail recursion */
}

/* case-sensitive wildcard match */
boolean
pmatch(const char *patrn, const char *strng)
{
    return pmatch_internal(patrn, strng, FALSE, (const char *) 0);
}

/* case-insensitive wildcard match */
boolean
pmatchi(const char *patrn, const char *strng)
{
    return pmatch_internal(patrn, strng, TRUE, (const char *) 0);
}

#if 0
/* case-insensitive wildcard fuzzymatch;
   NEVER WORKED AS INTENDED but fortunately isn't needed */
boolean
pmatchz(const char *patrn, const char *strng)
{
    /* ignore spaces, tabs (just in case), dashes, and underscores */
    static const char fuzzychars[] = " \t-_";

    return pmatch_internal(patrn, strng, TRUE, fuzzychars);
}
#endif

#ifndef STRNCMPI
/* case insensitive counted string comparison */
/*{ aka strncasecmp }*/
int
strncmpi(register const char *s1, register const char *s2,
         register int n) /*(should probably be size_t, which is unsigned)*/
{
    register char t1, t2;

    while (n--) {
        if (!*s2)
            return (*s1 != 0); /* s1 >= s2 */
        else if (!*s1)
            return -1; /* s1  < s2 */
        t1 = lowc(*s1++);
        t2 = lowc(*s2++);
        if (t1 != t2)
            return (t1 > t2) ? 1 : -1;
    }
    return 0; /* s1 == s2 */
}
#endif /* STRNCMPI */

#ifndef STRSTRI
/* case insensitive substring search */
char *
strstri(const char *str, const char *sub)
{
    register const char *s1, *s2;
    register int i, k;
#define TABSIZ 0x20                  /* 0x40 would be case-sensitive */
    char tstr[TABSIZ], tsub[TABSIZ]; /* nibble count tables */
#if 0
    assert( (TABSIZ & ~(TABSIZ-1)) == TABSIZ ); /* must be exact power of 2 */
    assert( &lowc != 0 );                       /* can't be unsafe macro */
#endif

    /* special case: empty substring */
    if (!*sub)
        return (char *) str;

    /* do some useful work while determining relative lengths */
    for (i = 0; i < TABSIZ; i++)
        tstr[i] = tsub[i] = 0; /* init */
    for (k = 0, s1 = str; *s1; k++)
        tstr[*s1++ & (TABSIZ - 1)]++;
    for (s2 = sub; *s2; --k)
        tsub[*s2++ & (TABSIZ - 1)]++;

    /* evaluate the info we've collected */
    if (k < 0)
        return (char *) 0;       /* sub longer than str, so can't match */
    for (i = 0; i < TABSIZ; i++) /* does sub have more 'x's than str? */
        if (tsub[i] > tstr[i])
            return (char *) 0; /* match not possible */

    /* now actually compare the substring repeatedly to parts of the string */
    for (i = 0; i <= k; i++) {
        s1 = &str[i];
        s2 = sub;
        while (lowc(*s1++) == lowc(*s2++))
            if (!*s2)
                return (char *) &str[i]; /* full match */
    }
    return (char *) 0; /* not found */
}
#endif /* STRSTRI */

/* compare two strings for equality, ignoring the presence of specified
   characters (typically whitespace) and possibly ignoring case */
boolean
fuzzymatch(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *ignore_chars,
           boolean caseblind)
{
    register char c1, c2;

    do {
        while ((c1 = *s1++) != '\0' && strchr(ignore_chars, c1) != 0)
            continue;
        while ((c2 = *s2++) != '\0' && strchr(ignore_chars, c2) != 0)
            continue;
        if (!c1 || !c2)
            break; /* stop when end of either string is reached */

        if (caseblind) {
            c1 = lowc(c1);
            c2 = lowc(c2);
        }
    } while (c1 == c2);

    /* match occurs only when the end of both strings has been reached */
    return (boolean) (!c1 && !c2);
}

/*
 * Time routines
 *
 * The time is used for:
 *  - seed for rand()
 *  - year on tombstone and yyyymmdd in record file
 *  - phase of the moon (various monsters react to NEW_MOON or FULL_MOON)
 *  - night and midnight (the undead are dangerous at midnight)
 *  - determination of what files are "very old"
 */

/* TIME_type: type of the argument to time(); we actually use &(time_t);
   you might need to define either or both of these to 'long *' in *conf.h */
#ifndef TIME_type
#define TIME_type time_t *
#endif
#ifndef LOCALTIME_type
#define LOCALTIME_type time_t *
#endif

static struct tm *getlt(void);

/* Sets the seed for the random number generator */
#ifdef USE_ISAAC64

static void
set_random(unsigned long seed,
           int (*fn)(int))
{
    init_isaac64(seed, fn);
}

#else /* USE_ISAAC64 */

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
set_random(unsigned long seed,
           int (*fn)(int) UNUSED)
{
    /*
     * The types are different enough here that sweeping the different
     * routine names into one via #defines is even more confusing.
     */
# ifdef RANDOM /* srandom() from sys/share/random.c */
    srandom((unsigned int) seed);
# else
#  if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(BSD) || defined(LINUX) \
    || defined(ULTRIX) || defined(CYGWIN32) /* system srandom() */
#   if defined(BSD) && !defined(POSIX_TYPES) && defined(SUNOS4)
    (void)
#   endif
        srandom((int) seed);
#  else
#   ifdef UNIX /* system srand48() */
    srand48((long) seed);
#   else       /* poor quality system routine */
    srand((int) seed);
#   endif
#  endif
# endif
}

#endif /* USE_ISAAC64 */

/* An appropriate version of this must always be provided in
   port-specific code somewhere. It returns a number suitable
   as seed for the random number generator */
extern unsigned long sys_random_seed(void);

/*
 * Initializes the random number generator.
 * Only call once.
 */
void
init_random(int (*fn)(int))
{
    set_random(sys_random_seed(), fn);
}

/* Reshuffles the random number generator. */
void
reseed_random(int (*fn)(int))
{
   /* only reseed if we are certain that the seed generation is unguessable
    * by the players. */
    if (has_strong_rngseed)
        init_random(fn);
}

time_t
getnow(void)
{
    time_t datetime = 0;

    (void) time((TIME_type) &datetime);
    return datetime;
}

static struct tm *
getlt(void)
{
    time_t date = getnow();

    return localtime((LOCALTIME_type) &date);
}

int
getyear(void)
{
    return (1900 + getlt()->tm_year);
}

#if 0
/* This routine is no longer used since in 20YY it yields "1YYmmdd". */
char *
yymmdd(time_t date)
{
    static char datestr[10];
    struct tm *lt;

    if (date == 0)
        lt = getlt();
    else
        lt = localtime((LOCALTIME_type) &date);

    Sprintf(datestr, "%02d%02d%02d",
            lt->tm_year, lt->tm_mon + 1, lt->tm_mday);
    return datestr;
}
#endif

long
yyyymmdd(time_t date)
{
    long datenum;
    struct tm *lt;

    if (date == 0)
        lt = getlt();
    else
        lt = localtime((LOCALTIME_type) &date);

    /* just in case somebody's localtime supplies (year % 100)
       rather than the expected (year - 1900) */
    if (lt->tm_year < 70)
        datenum = (long) lt->tm_year + 2000L;
    else
        datenum = (long) lt->tm_year + 1900L;
    /* yyyy --> yyyymm */
    datenum = datenum * 100L + (long) (lt->tm_mon + 1);
    /* yyyymm --> yyyymmdd */
    datenum = datenum * 100L + (long) lt->tm_mday;
    return datenum;
}

long
hhmmss(time_t date)
{
    long timenum;
    struct tm *lt;

    if (date == 0)
        lt = getlt();
    else
        lt = localtime((LOCALTIME_type) &date);

    timenum = lt->tm_hour * 10000L + lt->tm_min * 100L + lt->tm_sec;
    return timenum;
}

char *
yyyymmddhhmmss(time_t date)
{
    long datenum;
    static char datestr[15];
    struct tm *lt;

    if (date == 0)
        lt = getlt();
    else
        lt = localtime((LOCALTIME_type) &date);

    /* just in case somebody's localtime supplies (year % 100)
       rather than the expected (year - 1900) */
    if (lt->tm_year < 70)
        datenum = (long) lt->tm_year + 2000L;
    else
        datenum = (long) lt->tm_year + 1900L;
    Snprintf(datestr, sizeof datestr, "%04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d",
             datenum, lt->tm_mon + 1,
             lt->tm_mday, lt->tm_hour, lt->tm_min, lt->tm_sec);
    debugpline1("yyyymmddhhmmss() produced date string %s", datestr);
    return datestr;
}

time_t
time_from_yyyymmddhhmmss(char *buf)
{
    int k;
    time_t timeresult = (time_t) 0;
    struct tm t, *lt;
    char *d, *p, y[5], mo[3], md[3], h[3], mi[3], s[3];

    if (buf && strlen(buf) == 14) {
        d = buf;
        p = y; /* year */
        for (k = 0; k < 4; ++k)
            *p++ = *d++;
        *p = '\0';
        p = mo; /* month */
        for (k = 0; k < 2; ++k)
            *p++ = *d++;
        *p = '\0';
        p = md; /* day */
        for (k = 0; k < 2; ++k)
            *p++ = *d++;
        *p = '\0';
        p = h; /* hour */
        for (k = 0; k < 2; ++k)
            *p++ = *d++;
        *p = '\0';
        p = mi; /* minutes */
        for (k = 0; k < 2; ++k)
            *p++ = *d++;
        *p = '\0';
        p = s; /* seconds */
        for (k = 0; k < 2; ++k)
            *p++ = *d++;
        *p = '\0';
        lt = getlt();
        if (lt) {
            t = *lt;
            t.tm_year = atoi(y) - 1900;
            t.tm_mon = atoi(mo) - 1;
            t.tm_mday = atoi(md);
            t.tm_hour = atoi(h);
            t.tm_min = atoi(mi);
            t.tm_sec = atoi(s);
            timeresult = mktime(&t);
        }
        if (timeresult == (time_t) -1)
            debugpline1("time_from_yyyymmddhhmmss(%s) would have returned -1",
                        buf ? buf : "");
        else
            return timeresult;
    }
    return (time_t) 0;
}

/*
 * moon period = 29.53058 days ~= 30, year = 365.2422 days
 * days moon phase advances on first day of year compared to preceding year
 *      = 365.2422 - 12*29.53058 ~= 11
 * years in Metonic cycle (time until same phases fall on the same days of
 *      the month) = 18.6 ~= 19
 * moon phase on first day of year (epact) ~= (11*(year%19) + 29) % 30
 *      (29 as initial condition)
 * current phase in days = first day phase + days elapsed in year
 * 6 moons ~= 177 days
 * 177 ~= 8 reported phases * 22
 * + 11/22 for rounding
 */
int
phase_of_the_moon(void) /* 0-7, with 0: new, 4: full */
{
    register struct tm *lt = getlt();
    register int epact, diy, goldn;

    diy = lt->tm_yday;
    goldn = (lt->tm_year % 19) + 1;
    epact = (11 * goldn + 18) % 30;
    if ((epact == 25 && goldn > 11) || epact == 24)
        epact++;

    return ((((((diy + epact) * 6) + 11) % 177) / 22) & 7);
}

boolean
friday_13th(void)
{
    register struct tm *lt = getlt();

    /* tm_wday (day of week; 0==Sunday) == 5 => Friday */
    return (boolean) (lt->tm_wday == 5 && lt->tm_mday == 13);
}

int
night(void)
{
    register int hour = getlt()->tm_hour;

    return (hour < 6 || hour > 21);
}

int
midnight(void)
{
    return (getlt()->tm_hour == 0);
}

/* strbuf_init() initializes strbuf state for use */
void
strbuf_init(strbuf_t *strbuf)
{
    strbuf->str = NULL;
    strbuf->len = 0;
}

/* strbuf_append() appends given str to strbuf->str */
void
strbuf_append(strbuf_t *strbuf, const char *str)
{
    int len = (int) strlen(str) + 1;

    strbuf_reserve(strbuf,
                   len + (strbuf->str ? (int) strlen(strbuf->str) : 0));
    Strcat(strbuf->str, str);
}

/* strbuf_reserve() ensure strbuf->str has storage for len characters */
void
strbuf_reserve(strbuf_t *strbuf, int len)
{
    if (strbuf->str == NULL) {
        strbuf->str = strbuf->buf;
        strbuf->str[0] = '\0';
        strbuf->len = (int) sizeof strbuf->buf;
    }

    if (len > strbuf->len) {
        char *oldbuf = strbuf->str;

        strbuf->len = len + (int) sizeof strbuf->buf;
        strbuf->str = (char *) alloc(strbuf->len);
        Strcpy(strbuf->str, oldbuf);
        if (oldbuf != strbuf->buf)
            free((genericptr_t) oldbuf);
    }
}

/* strbuf_empty() frees allocated memory and set strbuf to initial state */
void
strbuf_empty(strbuf_t *strbuf)
{
    if (strbuf->str != NULL && strbuf->str != strbuf->buf)
        free((genericptr_t) strbuf->str);
    strbuf_init(strbuf);
}

/* strbuf_nl_to_crlf() converts all occurences of \n to \r\n */
void
strbuf_nl_to_crlf(strbuf_t *strbuf)
{
    if (strbuf->str) {
        int len = (int) strlen(strbuf->str);
        int count = 0;
        char *cp = strbuf->str;

        while (*cp)
            if (*cp++ == '\n')
                count++;
        if (count) {
            strbuf_reserve(strbuf, len + count + 1);
            for (cp = strbuf->str + len + count; count; --cp)
                if ((*cp = cp[-count]) == '\n') {
                    *--cp = '\r';
                    --count;
                }
        }
    }
}

/* swapbits(val, bita, bitb) swaps bit a with bit b in val */
int
swapbits(int val, int bita, int bitb)
{
    int tmp = ((val >> bita) & 1) ^ ((val >> bitb) & 1);

    return (val ^ ((tmp << bita) | (tmp << bitb)));
}

/* randomize the given list of numbers  0 <= i < count */
void
shuffle_int_array(int *indices, int count)
{
    int i, iswap, temp;

    for (i = count - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        if ((iswap = rn2(i + 1)) == i)
            continue;
        temp = indices[i];
        indices[i] = indices[iswap];
        indices[iswap] = temp;
    }
}

DISABLE_WARNING_FORMAT_NONLITERAL

/*
 * Wrap snprintf for use in the main code.
 *
 * Wrap reasons:
 *   1. If there are any platform issues, we have one spot to fix them -
 *      snprintf is a routine with a troubling history of bad implementations.
 *   2. Add cumbersome error checking in one spot.  Problems with text
 *      wrangling do not have to be fatal.
 *   3. Gcc 9+ will issue a warning unless the return value is used.
 *      Annoyingly, explicitly casting to void does not remove the error.
 *      So, use the result - see reason #2.
 */
void
nh_snprintf(
    const char *func, int line,
    char *str, size_t size,
    const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    int n;

    va_start(ap, fmt);
    n = vsnprintf(str, size, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    if (n < 0 || (size_t) n >= size) { /* is there a problem? */
        impossible("snprintf %s: func %s, file line %d",
                   (n < 0) ? "format error" : "overflow",
                   func, line);
        str[size - 1] = '\0'; /* make sure it is nul terminated */
    }
}

RESTORE_WARNING_FORMAT_NONLITERAL

#ifdef ENHANCED_SYMBOLS

/* Unicode routines */

int
unicodeval_to_utf8str(int uval, uint8 *buffer, size_t bufsz)
{
    //    static uint8 buffer[7];
    uint8 *b = buffer;

    if (bufsz < 5)
        return 0;
    /*
     *   Binary   Hex        Comments
     *   0xxxxxxx 0x00..0x7F Only byte of a 1-byte character encoding
     *   10xxxxxx 0x80..0xBF Continuation byte : one of 1-3 bytes following
     * first 110xxxxx 0xC0..0xDF First byte of a 2-byte character encoding
     *   1110xxxx 0xE0..0xEF First byte of a 3-byte character encoding
     *   11110xxx 0xF0..0xF7 First byte of a 4-byte character encoding
     */
    *b = '\0';
    if (uval < 0x80) {
        *b++ = uval;
    } else if (uval < 0x800) {
        *b++ = 192 + uval / 64;
        *b++ = 128 + uval % 64;
    } else if (uval - 0xd800u < 0x800) {
        return 0;
    } else if (uval < 0x10000) {
        *b++ = 224 + uval / 4096;
        *b++ = 128 + uval / 64 % 64;
        *b++ = 128 + uval % 64;
    } else if (uval < 0x110000) {
        *b++ = 240 + uval / 262144;
        *b++ = 128 + uval / 4096 % 64;
        *b++ = 128 + uval / 64 % 64;
        *b++ = 128 + uval % 64;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
    *b = '\0'; /* NUL terminate */
    return 1;
}
#endif /* ENHANCED_SYMBOLS */

/*hacklib.c*/
