You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
layout: post
|
|
|
|
|
title: Python学习笔记 - 求质数
|
|
|
|
|
tags: [Python, 质数, 学习笔记]
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
讲真,我酸了……<!--more-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 起因
|
|
|
|
|
在学习Python的过程中,我和同学举行了一个比赛,大概内容是用Python做一个时间复杂度最低的质数生成器。
|
|
|
|
|
在学校里就是有个好处,学校网络上知网下论文是免费的,我大概的查了一下,好像用埃氏筛法的效率比较高。
|
|
|
|
|
以前我用Linux Shell也写过一个:
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
#!/system/bin/sh
|
|
|
|
|
max=1000
|
|
|
|
|
list="2"
|
|
|
|
|
rlist="2"
|
|
|
|
|
i=3
|
|
|
|
|
while [ $i -lt $max ]
|
|
|
|
|
do
|
|
|
|
|
[ "$(
|
|
|
|
|
echo "$list"|while read a
|
|
|
|
|
do
|
|
|
|
|
[ "$(($i%$a))" == "0" ]&&{
|
|
|
|
|
echo "1"
|
|
|
|
|
break 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
|
)" == "1" ]||c=$i
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ "$bj" == "" -a "$c" != "" ]&&{
|
|
|
|
|
[ "$((${c}*${c}))" -gt "$max" ]&&bj="1"
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ "$c" == "" ]||{
|
|
|
|
|
[ "$bj" == "1" ]||{
|
|
|
|
|
list="$list
|
|
|
|
|
$c"
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
echo "$c"
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
c=""
|
|
|
|
|
i="$(($i+1))"
|
|
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
不过效率极低……因为原生Shell是不支持数组之类的东西,所以其实并不能完全使用埃氏筛法……
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 使用Python做一个
|
|
|
|
|
当然Python还是可以用的,于是我理解了一下,做了一个出来:
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
maxprime=100000
|
|
|
|
|
rprimeset=set(range(2,maxprime+1))
|
|
|
|
|
lprimeset=set()
|
|
|
|
|
lastprime=0
|
|
|
|
|
while lastprime<=maxprime**0.5:
|
|
|
|
|
lastprime=min(rprimeset)
|
|
|
|
|
rprimeset=rprimeset-set(range(lastprime,maxprime+1,lastprime))
|
|
|
|
|
lprimeset.add(lastprime)
|
|
|
|
|
primelist=sorted(list(rprimeset|lprimeset))
|
|
|
|
|
print(primelist)
|
|
|
|
|
#print(primelist,file=open(__file__[:__file__.rfind("/")]+"/prime.txt",'w+'))
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
这个效率确实比Shell做的好太多了,而且看起来也清晰易懂。在我的电脑上,1000000的质数只需要4s就能算出来
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 结局
|
|
|
|
|
不过我后来在某百科上查了一下他们用埃氏筛做的Python版本……然后我就酸了……他们的代码在我的电脑上只需要0.6s就能跑完1000000的质数……而且我估计他们的空间复杂度还比我小……
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
# python 原生实现
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def primes(n):
|
|
|
|
|
P = []
|
|
|
|
|
f = []
|
|
|
|
|
for i in range(n+1):
|
|
|
|
|
if i > 2 and i%2 == 0:
|
|
|
|
|
f.append(1)
|
|
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
|
|
f.append(0)
|
|
|
|
|
i = 3
|
|
|
|
|
while i*i <= n:
|
|
|
|
|
if f[i] == 0:
|
|
|
|
|
j = i*i
|
|
|
|
|
while j <= n:
|
|
|
|
|
f[j] = 1
|
|
|
|
|
j += i+i
|
|
|
|
|
i += 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.append(2)
|
|
|
|
|
for x in range(3,n+1,2):
|
|
|
|
|
if f[x] == 0:
|
|
|
|
|
P.append(x)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n = 1000000
|
|
|
|
|
P = primes(n)
|
|
|
|
|
print(P)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
感觉好难受,每次在网上搜的代码都比我写的好……算了,反正我也是在学习嘛。
|
|
|
|
|
后来我听说用欧拉筛法的效率更高……可惜我看完后不太理解……质数算法可真是复杂啊……
|