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import requests
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import re
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from lxml import etree
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import os
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import time
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import random
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from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
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from collections import OrderedDict
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class BiliBiliDanMu:
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def __init__(self, bv, filename):
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#处理输入的 BV 号，确保是正确格式
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if bv.startswith("BV"):
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bv = bv[2:]
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self.video_url = "https://bilibili.com/video/BV" + bv
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self.filename = filename
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self.headers = {
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"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
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"Referer": "https://www.bilibili.com/",
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"Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*",
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"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
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}
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def get_video_cid(self):
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#尝试最多 3 次获取视频的 cid
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retry_count = 3
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for attempt in range(retry_count):
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try:
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response = requests.get(self.video_url, headers=self.headers, timeout=10)
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if response.status_code != 200:
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print(f"请求失败，状态码: {response.status_code}")
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continue
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html = response.content.decode()
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cid = re.findall(r'("cid":)([0-9]+)', html)
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if not cid:
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print("未找到 cid")
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continue
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else:
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return cid[0][-1]
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except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
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print(f"获取 cid 时出错: {e}")
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print(f"第 {attempt + 1} 次重试获取 cid...")
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time.sleep(2)
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return None
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def get_content(self, xml_url):
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#获取弹幕 XML 文件的内容
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try:
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response = requests.get(xml_url, headers=self.headers, timeout=10)
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if response.status_code == 200:
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return response.content
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else:
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print(f"获取弹幕内容失败，状态码: {response.status_code}")
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return None
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except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
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print(f"获取弹幕时出错: {e}")
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return None
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def extract_danmu(self, content_str):
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#解析XML内容，提取弹幕
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try:
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html = etree.HTML(content_str)
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danmu_list = html.xpath("//d/text()")
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return danmu_list
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"解析弹幕时出错: {e}")
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return []
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def save(self, save_items):
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#保存弹幕到文件
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output_dir = os.path.dirname(self.filename)
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os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
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with open(self.filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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lines = [item + '\n' for item in save_items]
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f.writelines(lines)
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print(f"弹幕已保存至 {self.filename}")
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def crawl(self):
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#执行爬取流程
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cid = self.get_video_cid()
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if cid is not None:
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xml_url = "http://comment.bilibili.com/" + str(cid) + ".xml"
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content_str = self.get_content(xml_url)
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if content_str:
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danmu_lst = self.extract_danmu(content_str)
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self.save(danmu_lst)
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else:
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print("视频没有有效的 cid，跳过此视频")
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def search_videos(query, max_results=350):
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#搜索视频，最多返回 max_results 个结果
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search_url = "https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/search/type"
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headers = {
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"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
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"Referer": "https://www.bilibili.com/",
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"Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*",
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"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
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"cookie": "your cookie" #Cookie 有就行，内容随意
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}
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bv_list = []
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page = 1
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while len(bv_list) < max_results:
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params = {
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'keyword': query,
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'search_type': 'video',
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'order': 'totalrank',
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'page': page,
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'pagesize': 50
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}
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try:
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response = requests.get(search_url, params=params, headers=headers, timeout=10)
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if response.status_code == 200:
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results = response.json()
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if results['code'] == 0:
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videos = results['data']['result']
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if not videos:
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break
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bv_list += [video['bvid'] for video in videos]
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print(f"已抓取 {len(bv_list)} 个视频")
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else:
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print(f"搜索失败，错误代码: {results['code']}，错误信息: {results.get('message', '无详细信息')}")
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if '频繁' in results.get('message', ''):
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print("限流，等待后重试")
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time.sleep(random.uniform(5, 10))
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continue
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break
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else:
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print(f"搜索请求失败，状态码: {response.status_code}")
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break
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except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
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print(f"请求失败，错误: {e}")
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time.sleep(random.uniform(2, 5))
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continue
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page += 1
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time.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3)) #防止请求过于频繁被禁止
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bv_list = list(OrderedDict.fromkeys(bv_list)) #去重操作
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return bv_list[:max_results]
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def download_danmu(index, bv, filename):
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#下载指定BV号视频的弹幕
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danmu_crawler = BiliBiliDanMu(bv, filename)
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danmu_crawler.crawl()
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def getthread():
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#使用线程池并发下载弹幕
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with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
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future_to_bv = {
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executor.submit(download_danmu, index, bv, f'{output_dir}第{index + 1}个视频_{bv}.txt'): bv for index, bv in enumerate(bv_list)
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}
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for future in as_completed(future_to_bv):
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bv = future_to_bv[future]
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try:
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future.result()
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print(f"BV号 {bv} 的弹幕抓取完成")
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except Exception as exc:
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print(f"BV号 {bv} 的弹幕抓取时出错: {exc}")
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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query = input("请输入搜索关键词: ")
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bv_list = search_videos(query)
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#限制爬取的最大视频数量为 300
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bv_list = bv_list[:300]
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output_dir = 'E:/前端/软件工程/弹幕收集bark/'
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os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
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getthread() |
