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import json
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import os
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from datetime import datetime
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class BookManager:
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"""图书管理类，负责图书信息的增删改查操作"""
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def __init__(self, data_file='books.json'):
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"""初始化图书管理器，加载已有图书数据"""
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#self.data_file = data_file 111111111111111111122222222222
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#self.books = self._load_books()
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def _load_books(self):
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"""从文件加载图书数据"""
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if os.path.exists(self.data_file):
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try:
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with open(self.data_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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return json.load(f)
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except (json.JSONDecodeError, IOError) as e:
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print(f"加载图书数据失败: {e}")
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return []
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return []
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def _save_books(self):
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"""将图书数据保存到文件"""
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try:
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with open(self.data_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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json.dump(self.books, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
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return True
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except IOError as e:
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print(f"保存图书数据失败: {e}")
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return False
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def add_book(self, isbn, title, author, category, quantity=1):
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"""
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添加新图书
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参数:
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isbn (str): 图书ISBN编号
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title (str): 图书标题
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author (str): 图书作者
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category (str): 图书分类
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quantity (int): 图书数量，默认为1
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返回:
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bool: 添加成功返回True，失败返回False
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"""
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# 检查ISBN是否已存在
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for book in self.books:
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if book['isbn'] == isbn:
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print(f"错误: ISBN为 {isbn} 的图书已存在")
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return False
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new_book = {
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'isbn': isbn,
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'title': title,
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'author': author,
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'category': category,
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'quantity': quantity,
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'available': quantity, # 可借阅数量
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'added_date': datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
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}
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self.books.append(new_book)
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return self._save_books()
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def search_books(self, keyword=None, category=None, author=None):
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"""
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搜索图书
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参数:
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keyword (str): 标题或ISBN中的关键词
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category (str): 图书分类
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author (str): 作者名
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返回:
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list: 符合条件的图书列表
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"""
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results = []
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for book in self.books:
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match = True
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if keyword and keyword not in book['title'] and keyword not in book['isbn']:
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match = False
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if category and book['category'] != category:
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match = False
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if author and author not in book['author']:
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match = False
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if match:
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results.append(book)
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return results
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def update_book(self, isbn, **kwargs):
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"""
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更新图书信息
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参数:
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isbn (str): 图书ISBN编号
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** kwargs: 要更新的字段，如title, author, category, quantity等
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返回:
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bool: 更新成功返回True，失败返回False
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"""
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for book in self.books:
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if book['isbn'] == isbn:
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# 计算可借阅数量的变化
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if 'quantity' in kwargs:
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quantity_change = kwargs['quantity'] - book['quantity']
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book['available'] += quantity_change
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# 更新字段
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for key, value in kwargs.items():
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if key in book:
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book[key] = value
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return self._save_books()
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print(f"错误: 未找到ISBN为 {isbn} 的图书")
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return False
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def delete_book(self, isbn):
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"""
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删除图书
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参数:
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isbn (str): 图书ISBN编号
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返回:
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bool: 删除成功返回True，失败返回False
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"""
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initial_count = len(self.books)
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self.books = [book for book in self.books if book['isbn'] != isbn]
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if len(self.books) < initial_count:
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return self._save_books()
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print(f"错误: 未找到ISBN为 {isbn} 的图书")
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return False
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def get_book_details(self, isbn):
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"""获取图书详细信息"""
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for book in self.books:
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if book['isbn'] == isbn:
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return book
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return None
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def list_all_books(self):
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"""列出所有图书"""
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return self.books
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# 示例用法
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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manager = BookManager()
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# 添加示例图书
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manager.add_book("9780134685991", "Effective Python", "Brett Slatkin", "Programming", 5)
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manager.add_book("9780596007126", "Head First Design Patterns", "Eric Freeman", "Programming", 3)
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manager.add_book("9780141988511", "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind", "Yuval Noah Harari", "History", 4)
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print("所有图书:")
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for book in manager.list_all_books():
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print(f"{book['title']} by {book['author']} (ISBN: {book['isbn']}) - 可借: {book['available']}/{book['quantity']}")
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print("\n搜索编程类图书:")
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programming_books = manager.search_books(category="Programming")
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for book in programming_books:
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print(f"- {book['title']}")
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print("\n更新图书数量:")
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manager.update_book("9780134685991", quantity=7)
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book = manager.get_book_details("9780134685991")
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print(f"更新后数量: {book['available']}/{book['quantity']}")
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print("\n删除图书:")
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manager.delete_book("9780596007126")
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print(f"删除后剩余图书数量: {len(manager.list_all_books())}")
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