You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
5.5 KiB
5.5 KiB
启动
启动流程
树莓派的启动流程如下:
- 第一阶段:第一级 bootloader 位于片上 ROM 中,它挂载 SD 卡中的 FAT32 启动分区,并载入第二级 bootloader。
- 第二阶段:第二级 bootloader 位于
bootcode.bin
中,它将载入 GPU 固件代码,并启动 GPU,进入第三级 bootloader。 - GPU 固件:该阶段将运行 GPU 固件
start.elf
,它会读取config.txt
中的启动参数,并将内核镜像kernel8.img
复制到0x80000
上。 - CPU 代码:CPU 从
0x80000
处开始执行内核代码。
参考:https://github.com/DieterReuter/workshop-raspberrypi-64bit-os/blob/master/part1-bootloader.md
linker.ld
链接脚本位于 kernel/src/arch/aarch64/boot/linker.ld
,主要内容如下:
SECTIONS {
. = 0x80000; /* Raspbery Pi 3 Aarch64 (kernel8.img) load address */
.boot : {
KEEP(*(.text.boot)) /* from boot.S */
}
. = 0x100000; /* Load the kernel at this address. It's also kernel stack top address */
bootstacktop = .;
.text : {
stext = .;
*(.text.entry)
*(.text .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t*)
. = ALIGN(4K);
etext = .;
}
/* ... */
}
几个要点:
- CPU 最先从
.text.boot (0x80000)
处开始执行。 - 在
boot.S
中做好了必要的初始化后,将跳转到.text.entry/_start (0x100000)
,再从这里跳转到 Rust 代码rust_main()
。 boot.S
的偏移为0x80000
,Rust 代码的偏移为0x100000
。- 跳转到
rust_main()
后,0x0~0x100000
这段内存将被作为内核栈,大小为 1MB,栈顶即bootstacktop (0x100000)
。 boot.S
结束后还未启用 MMU,可直接访问物理地址。
boot.S
CPU 启动代码位于 kernel/src/arch/aarch64/boot/boot.S
,负责初始化一些系统寄存器,并将当前异常级别(exception level)切换到 EL1。
AArch64 有 4 个异常级别,相当于 x86 的特权级,分别为:
- EL0: Applications.
- EL1: OS kernel and associated functions that are typically described as privileged.
- EL2: Hypervisor.
- EL3: Secure monitor.
在 RustOS 中,内核将运行在 EL1 上,用户程序将运行在 EL0 上。
boot.S
的主要流程如下:
-
获取核的编号,目前只使用 0 号核,其余核将被闲置:
.section .text.boot boot: # read cpu affinity, start core 0, halt rest mrs x1, mpidr_el1 and x1, x1, #3 cbz x1, setup halt: # core affinity != 0, halt it wfe b halt
-
读取当前异常级别:
# read the current exception level into x0 (ref: C5.2.1) mrs x0, CurrentEL and x0, x0, #0b1100 lsr x0, x0, #2
-
如果当前位于 EL3,初始化一些 EL3 下的系统寄存器,并使用
eret
指令切换到 EL2:switch_to_el2: # switch to EL2 if we are in EL3. otherwise switch to EL1 cmp x0, #2 beq switch_to_el1 # set-up SCR_EL3 (bits 0, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10) (A53: 4.3.42) mov x0, #0x5b1 msr scr_el3, x0 # set-up SPSR_EL3 (bits 0, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9) (ref: C5.2.20) mov x0, #0x3c9 msr spsr_el3, x0 # switch adr x0, switch_to_el1 msr elr_el3, x0 eret
-
当前位于 EL2,初值化 EL2 下的系统寄存器,并使用
eret
指令切换到 EL1:switch_to_el1: # switch to EL1 if we are not already in EL1. otherwise continue with start cmp x0, #1 beq set_stack # set the stack-pointer for EL1 msr sp_el1, x1 # set-up HCR_EL2, enable AArch64 in EL1 (bits 1, 31) (ref: D10.2.45) mov x0, #0x0002 movk x0, #0x8000, lsl #16 msr hcr_el2, x0 # do not trap accessing SVE registers (ref: D10.2.30) msr cptr_el2, xzr # enable floating point and SVE (SIMD) (bits 20, 21) (ref: D10.2.29) mrs x0, cpacr_el1 orr x0, x0, #(0x3 << 20) msr cpacr_el1, x0 # Set SCTLR to known state (RES1: 11, 20, 22, 23, 28, 29) (ref: D10.2.100) mov x0, #0x0800 movk x0, #0x30d0, lsl #16 msr sctlr_el1, x0 # set-up SPSR_EL2 (bits 0, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9) (ref: C5.2.19) mov x0, #0x3c5 msr spsr_el2, x0 # enable CNTP for EL1/EL0 (ref: D7.5.2, D7.5.13) # NOTE: This does not actually enable the counter stream. mrs x0, cnthctl_el2 orr x0, x0, #3 msr cnthctl_el2, x0 msr cntvoff_el2, xzr # switch adr x0, set_stack msr elr_el2, x0 eret
-
当前位于 EL1,设置栈顶地址为
_start (0x100000)
,清空 BSS 段的数据:set_stack: # set the current stack pointer mov sp, x1 zero_bss: # load the start address and number of bytes in BSS section ldr x1, =sbss ldr x2, =__bss_length zero_bss_loop: # zero out the BSS section, 64-bits at a time cbz x2, zero_bss_loop_end str xzr, [x1], #8 sub x2, x2, #8 cbnz x2, zero_bss_loop zero_bss_loop_end: b _start
-
最后跳转到 Rust 代码
rust_main()
:.section .text.entry .globl _start _start: # jump to rust_main, which should not return. halt if it does bl rust_main b halt