README.md

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-# stu1
-

面向对象学生系统/Dal/find_students_by_sid.py

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+def find_student_by_sid(self,sid:str)-> Optional[Student]:
+    students =self.load_students()
+    for student in students:
+        if student.sid==sid:
+            return student
+    return None

面向对象学生系统/bll/clear_all_students.py

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+def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
+    self.dal.clear_all_students()

面向对象学生系统/bll/delete_student.py

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+def delete_student(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生ID{sid}不存在。")
+    return self.dal.delete_student(sid)
+

面向对象学生系统/bll/export_students.py

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+def export_students(self,file_path:str)-> bool:
+    student =self.dal.get_all_students()
+    try:
+        with open(file_path,'w',encoding='utf-8')as f:
+            json.dump([student.to_dict() for student in students],f,ensure_ascii=False,indent=4)
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"导出学生数据到JOSN 时出错：{e}")
+        return False

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_avg_height.py

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+def get_avg_height(self)-> float:
+    students =self.dal.get_all_students()
+    if not students:
+        return 0.0
+    total_height = sum(student.height for student in students)
+    return total_height/len(students)

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_student_by_count.py

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+def get_student_by_count(self)-> int:
+    return self.dal.get_student_by_count()

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_student_by_height.py

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+def get_student_by_height(self,min_height:int,max_height:int)-> List[Student]:
+    students=self.dal.get_all_students()
+    return [s for s in students if min_height <= s.height <= max_height]

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_student_by_id.py

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+def get_student_by_id(self,sid:str)-> Optional[Student]:
+    return self.dal.find_student_by_sid(sid)
+def get_student_by_name(self,name:str)-> List[Student]:
+    return self.dal.find_student_by_name(name)
+def get_student_by_class(self,class_name:str)-> List[Student]:
+    return self.dal.find_student_by_class_name(name)
+def get_all_students(self)-> List[Student]:
+    return self.dal.get_all_students()

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_students_by_age.py

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+def get_students_by_age(self,min_age:int,max_age:int)->List[Student]:
+    today =date.today()
+    students = self.dal.get_all_students()
+    age_filtered_students=[]
+    for student in students:
+        age =today.year-student.birth_date.year-((today.month,today,day)<(student.birth_date.month,student.birth_date.day))
+        if min_age <=age<=max_age:
+            age_filtered_students.append(student)
+    return age_filtered_students

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_students_by_enrollment_year.py

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+def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self,year:int)-> List[Student]:
+    students =self.dal.get_all_students()
+    return [student for student in students if student.enrollment_date.year ==year]

面向对象学生系统/bll/import_students.py

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+def import_students(self,file_path:str)-> bool:
+    try:
+        with open(file_path,'r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            student_dicts =json.load(f)
+        students=[Student.from_dict(student_dict) for student_dict in student_dicts]
+        for student in students:
+            if not student.is_valid:
+                print(f"导入学生数据时校验不通过，学生ID：{student.sid},错误信息：{student.get_errors()}")
+                continue
+            if not self.dal.check_student_exists(student.sid):
+                self.dal.add_student(student)
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"从JSON导入学生数据时出错：{e}")
+        return False

面向对象学生系统/bll/studentBLL.py

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+class StudentBll:
+    def __init__(self,dal:StudentDal):
+        self.dal=dal
+def delete_student(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生 ID {sid}不存在。")
+    return self.dal.delete_students(sid)

面向对象学生系统/bll/student_serive.py

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+from typing import List, Optional
+from models.student import Student
+from dal.idal import IStudentDAL
+from utils.validator import validate_student_data
+from utils.id_utils import is_valid_id_card
+
+
+class StudentService:
+    """学生信息业务逻辑层"""
+
+    def __init__(self, dal: IStudentDAL):
+        self.dal = dal
+
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+        """添加学生"""
+        # 数据验证
+        is_valid, msg = validate_student_data(student)
+        if not is_valid:
+            return False, msg
+
+        # 检查学号是否已存在
+        if self.dal.get_by_stu_id(student.stu_id):
+            return False, "学号已存在"
+
+        # 检查身份证号是否已存在
+        if self.dal.get_by_id(student.id_card):
+            return False, "身份证号已存在"
+
+        # 添加学生
+        success = self.dal.add_student(student)
+        return success, "添加成功" if success else "添加失败"
+
+    def delete_student(self, id_card: str) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+        """删除学生"""
+        if not is_valid_id_card(id_card):
+            return False, "无效的身份证号"
+
+        success = self.dal.delete_student(id_card)
+        return success, "删除成功" if success else "删除失败"
+
+    def update_student(self, student: Student) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+        """更新学生信息"""
+        # 数据验证
+        is_valid, msg = validate_student_data(student)
+        if not is_valid:
+            return False, msg
+
+        # 检查学生是否存在
+        existing = self.dal.get_by_id(student.id_card)
+        if not existing:
+            return False, "学生不存在"
+
+        # 检查学号是否被其他学生使用
+        stu_with_same_id = self.dal.get_by_stu_id(student.stu_id)
+        if stu_with_same_id and stu_with_same_id.id_card != student.id_card:
+            return False, "学号已被其他学生使用"
+
+        success = self.dal.update_student(student)
+        return success, "更新成功" if success else "更新失败"
+
+    def get_student_by_id(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据身份证号获取学生"""
+        if not is_valid_id_card(id_card):
+            return None
+        return self.dal.get_by_id(id_card)
+
+    def get_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据学号获取学生"""
+        return self.dal.get_by_stu_id(stu_id)
+
+    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
+        """获取所有学生"""
+        return self.dal.get_all()
+
+    def search_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按姓名查询(模糊)"""
+        return self.dal.get_by_name(name)
+
+    def search_by_class(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按班级查询(模糊)"""
+        return self.dal.get_by_class(class_name)
+
+    def search_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按专业查询(模糊)"""
+        return self.dal.get_by_major(major)
+
+    def count_total_students(self) -> int:
+        """统计学生总数"""
+        return self.dal.count_students()
+
+    def count_by_major(self) -> dict:
+        """按专业统计人数"""
+        return self.dal.count_by_major()
+
+    def calculate_avg_height(self, group_by: str = None) -> dict:
+        """计算平均身高"""
+        students = self.dal.get_all()
+        if not group_by:
+            heights = [s.height for s in students if s.height is not None]
+            return {'all': sum(heights) / len(heights)} if heights else {'all': 0}
+
+        groups = {}
+        for student in students:
+            if student.height is None:
+                continue
+
+            key = getattr(student, group_by)
+            if key not in groups:
+                groups[key] = []
+            groups[key].append(student.height)
+
+        return {k: sum(v) / len(v) for k, v in groups.items()}
+
+    def clear_all_data(self) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+        """清空所有学生数据"""
+        success = self.dal.clear_all()
+        return success, "数据已清空" if success else "清空失败"

面向对象学生系统/bll/update_student.py

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+def update_student(self,sid:str,student:Student)-> bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生ID{sid}不存在")
+    if not student.is_valid:
+        raise ValueError(f"学生数据校验不通过，错误信息：{student.get_errors()}")
+    return self.dal.update_student(sid,student)

面向对象学生系统/bll/update_student_partial.py

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+def update_student_partial(self,sid:str,name:Optional[str]=None,height:Optional[int]=None,birth_date:Optional[date]=None,enrollment_date:Optional[date]=None,class_name:Optional[str]=None)->bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生ID{sid}不存在。")
+    return self.dal.update_student_partial(sid,name,height,birth_date,enrollment_date,class_name)

面向对象学生系统/model/UI/add_student.py

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+def add_student()

面向对象学生系统/model/UI/display_menu.py

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+def display_menu(self):
+    print("\n===== 学生信息管理系统 ====")
+    print("1.添加学生信息")
+    print("2.删除学生信息")
+    print("3.更新学生信息")
+    print("4.查询学生信息")
+    print("5.统计分析")
+    print("6.数据导入导出")
+    print("7.清空所有学生信息")
+    print("8.退出系统")
+    print("==========================")
+def display_query_menu(self):
+    print("\n===== 查询学生信息 ====")
+    print("1.查询所有学生")
+    print("2.按学生ID查询")
+    print("3.按姓名查询")
+    print("4.按班级查询")
+    print("5.返回上一级")
+    print("==========================")
+def display_states_menu(self):
+    print("\n===== 统计分析 ====")
+    print("1.学生总数")
+    print("2.平均身高")
+    print("3.按身高范围统计")
+    print("4.按入学年份统计")
+    print("5.按年龄范围统计")
+    print("6.返回上一级")
+    print("==========================")
+def display_import_export_menu(self):
+    print("\n===== 数据导入导出 ====")
+    print("1.导出数据到JSON")
+    print("2.从JSON导入数据")
+    print("3.返回上一级")
+    print("==========================")
+
+
+

面向对象学生系统/models/students.py

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+from datetime import date
+from typing import Optional, Union
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Student:
+    name: str
+    id_card: str
+    stu_id: str
+    gender: Optional[bool] = None  # True:男, False:女
+    height: Optional[int] = None  # cm
+    weight: Optional[float] = None  # kg
+    enrollment_date: Optional[Union[date, str]] = None
+    class_name: Optional[str] = None
+    major: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @property
+    def age(self) -> int:
+        """从身份证号计算年龄(周岁)"""
+        from utils.id_utils import calculate_age
+        return calculate_age(self.id_card)
+
+    @property
+    def birthday(self) -> date:
+        """从身份证号提取出生日期"""
+        from utils.id_utils import extract_birthday
+        return extract_birthday(self.id_card)
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """将学生对象转换为字典"""
+        return {
+            'name': self.name,
+            'id_card': self.id_card,
+            'stu_id': self.stu_id,
+            'gender': self.gender,
+            'height': self.height,
+            'weight': self.weight,
+            'enrollment_date': self.enrollment_date.isoformat()
+            if isinstance(self.enrollment_date, date) else self.enrollment_date,
+            'class_name': self.class_name,
+            'major': self.major
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> 'Student':
+        """从字典创建学生对象"""
+        from datetime import datetime
+
+        enrollment_date = data.get('enrollment_date')
+        if enrollment_date and isinstance(enrollment_date, str):
+            try:
+                enrollment_date = datetime.strptime(enrollment_date, '%Y-%m-%d').date()
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        return cls(
+            name=data['name'],
+            id_card=data['id_card'],
+            stu_id=data['stu_id'],
+            gender=data.get('gender'),
+            height=data.get('height'),
+            weight=data.get('weight'),
+            enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
+            class_name=data.get('class_name'),
+            major=data.get('major')
+        )

面向对象学生系统/ui/console_ui.py

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+import sys
+from datetime import date
+from typing import Optional
+from models.student import Student
+from bll.student_service import StudentService
+
+
+class ConsoleUI:
+    """控制台用户界面"""
+
+    def __init__(self, service: StudentService):
+        self.service = service
+
+    def run(self):
+        """运行主界面"""
+        while True:
+            self._display_main_menu()
+            choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':
+                self._add_student()
+            elif choice == '2':
+                self._delete_student()
+            elif choice == '3':
+                self._update_student()
+            elif choice == '4':
+                self._query_students()
+            elif choice == '5':
+                self._statistics()
+            elif choice == '6':
+                self._import_export()
+            elif choice == '7':
+                self._clear_all_data()
+            elif choice == '0':
+                print("感谢使用学生信息管理系统，再见！")
+                sys.exit(0)
+            else:
+                print("无效选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def _display_main_menu(self):
+        """显示主菜单"""
+        print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+        print("    学生信息管理系统    ")
+        print("=" * 30)
+        print("1. 添加学生信息")
+        print("2. 删除学生信息")
+        print("3. 更新学生信息")
+        print("4. 查询学生信息")
+        print("5. 统计分析")
+        print("6. 数据导入导出")
+        print("7. 清空所有学生信息")
+        print("0. 退出系统")
+        print("=" * 30)
+
+    def _add_student(self):
+        """添加学生"""
+        print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+        print("    添加学生信息    ")
+        print("=" * 30)
+
+        student = self._input_student_info()
+        if student is None:
+            return
+
+        success, msg = self.service.add_student(student)
+        print(msg)
+
+    def _delete_student(self):
+        """删除学生"""
+        print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+        print("    删除学生信息    ")
+        print("=" * 30)
+
+        id_card = input("请输入要删除学生的身份证号: ").strip()
+        success, msg = self.service.delete_student(id_card)
+        print(msg)
+
+    def _update_student(self):
+        """更新学生信息"""
+        print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+        print("    更新学生信息    ")
+        print("=" * 30)
+
+        id_card = input("请输入要更新学生的身份证号: ").strip()
+        existing = self.service.get_student_by_id(id_card)
+        if not existing:
+            print("学生不存在")
+            return
+
+        print("\n当前学生信息:")
+        self._display_student_details(existing)
+
+        print("\n请输入新的学生信息(留空保持原值):")
+        student = self._input_student_info(existing)
+        if student is None:
+            return
+
+        success, msg = self.service.update_student(student)
+        print(msg)
+
+    def _query_students(self):
+        """查询学生信息"""
+        while True:
+            print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+            print("    查询学生信息    ")
+            print("=" * 30)
+            print("1. 查询所有学生")
+            print("2. 按身份证号查询")
+            print("3. 按学号查询")
+            print("4. 按姓名查询")
+            print("5. 按班级查询")
+            print("6. 按专业查询")
+            print("7. 返回上一级")
+            print("=" * 30)
+
+            choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':
+                self._list_all_students()
+            elif choice == '2':
+                self._query_by_id_card()
+            elif choice == '3':
+                self._query_by_stu_id()
+            elif choice == '4':
+                self._query_by_name()
+            elif choice == '5':
+                self._query_by_class()
+            elif choice == '6':
+                self._query_by_major()
+            elif choice == '7':
+                return
+            else:
+                print("无效选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def _statistics(self):
+        """统计分析"""
+        while True:
+            print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+            print("    统计分析    ")
+            print("=" * 30)
+            print("1. 学生总数")
+            print("2. 各专业人数统计")
+            print("3. 平均身高")
+            print("4. 平均体重")
+            print("5. 返回上一级")
+            print("=" * 30)
+
+            choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':
+                count = self.service.count_total_students()
+                print(f"\n学生总数: {count}")
+            elif choice == '2':
+                stats = self.service.count_by_major()
+                print("\n各专业人数统计:")
+                for major, count in stats.items():
+                    print(f"{major}: {count}人")
+            elif choice == '3':
+                avg_height = self.service.calculate_avg_height()
+                print(f"\n全体学生平均身高: {avg_height['all']:.1f}cm")
+            elif choice == '4':
+                # 类似实现平均体重
+                pass
+            elif choice == '5':
+                return
+            else:
+                print("无效选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def _input_student_info(self, existing: Student = None) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """输入学生信息"""
+        try:
+            name = self._get_input("姓名", existing.name if existing else None, required=True)
+            id_card = self._get_input("身份证号", existing.id_card if existing else None, required=True)
+            stu_id = self._get_input("学号", existing.stu_id if existing else None, required=True)
+            gender = self._get_gender_input(existing.gender if existing else None)
+            height = self._get_int_input("身高(cm)", existing.height if existing else None, 50, 250)
+            weight = self._get_float_input("体重(kg)", existing.weight if existing else None, 5, 300)
+            enrollment_date = self._get_date_input("入学日期", existing.enrollment_date if existing else None)
+            class_name = self._get_input("班级", existing.class_name if existing else None)
+            major = self._get_input("专业", existing.major if existing else None)
+
+            return Student(
+                name=name,
+                id_card=id_card,
+                stu_id=stu_id,
+                gender=gender,
+                height=height,
+                weight=weight,
+                enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
+                class_name=class_name,
+                major=major
+            )
+        except ValueError as e:
+            print(f"输入错误: {e}")
+            return None
+
+    # 其他辅助方法...

面向对象学生系统/utils/validator.py

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+import json
+import os
+from typing import List, Optional
+from models.student import Student
+from dal.idal import IStudentDAL
+
+
+class JsonStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
+    """JSON存储实现"""
+
+    def __init__(self, file_path: str = 'data/students.json'):
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self._ensure_file_exists()
+
+    def _ensure_file_exists(self):
+        """确保JSON文件存在"""
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(self.file_path), exist_ok=True)
+        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                json.dump([], f)
+
+    def _load_data(self) -> List[dict]:
+        """加载JSON数据"""
+        with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+
+    def _save_data(self, data: List[dict]):
+        """保存数据到JSON文件"""
+        with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+
+        # 检查学号和身份证号是否已存在
+        for item in data:
+            if item['id_card'] == student.id_card or item['stu_id'] == student.stu_id:
+                return False
+
+        data.append(student.to_dict())
+        self._save_data(data)
+        return True
+
+    def delete_student(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        original_length = len(data)
+
+        data = [item for item in data if item['id_card'] != id_card]
+
+        if len(data) != original_length:
+            self._save_data(data)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def update_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        updated = False
+
+        for i, item in enumerate(data):
+            if item['id_card'] == student.id_card:
+                data[i] = student.to_dict()
+                updated = True
+                break
+
+        if updated:
+            self._save_data(data)
+        return updated
+
+    def get_by_id(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        for item in data:
+            if item['id_card'] == id_card:
+                return Student.from_dict(item)
+        return None
+
+    def get_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        for item in data:
+            if item['stu_id'] == stu_id:
+                return Student.from_dict(item)
+        return None
+
+    def get_all(self) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data]
+
+    def get_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data if name.lower() in item['name'].lower()]
+
+    def get_by_class(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data
+                if item['class_name'] and class_name.lower() in item['class_name'].lower()]
+
+    def get_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data
+                if item['major'] and major.lower() in item['major'].lower()]
+
+    def count_students(self) -> int:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return len(data)
+
+    def count_by_major(self) -> dict:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        majors = {}
+
+        for item in data:
+            major = item.get('major', '未指定')
+            majors[major] = majors.get(major, 0) + 1
+
+        return majors
+
+    def clear_all(self) -> bool:
+        self._save_data([])
+        return True