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#include<iostream>
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using namespace std;
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#include<stdlib.h>
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#define OK 1
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#define ERROR 0
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typedef int status;
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typedef int ElemType;
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//用结构体定义一个单链表
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typedef struct LNode
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{
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ElemType data; //存储链表的数据元素
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struct LNode *next; //定义一个结构体指针用来指向下一个链表结点的地址
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}LNode,*Linklist; //这里定义的 Linklist ==LNode *;
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//---------单链表的基本操作------------
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//一、单链表的初始化以及正序输入
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status Initlist(Linklist &L,int n)
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{
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Linklist q,p;
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L=(Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode)); //为单链表分配头结点,但注意头结点不是链表的第一个结点
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L->next=NULL; //头结点的指针域指向第一个结点的地址
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q=L; //让q指向链表的尾指针;
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cout<<"请输入单链表的元素:"<<endl;
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for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
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{
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p=(Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
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cin>>p->data;
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q->next=p; //将q的指针域指向p
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q=p; //让p成为新的q
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}
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q->next=NULL;
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return OK;
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}
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//二、单链表的插入
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status Insertlist(Linklist &L,int i,ElemType e)
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{
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Linklist p,s;
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int j=0;
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p=L;
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while(p&&j<i-1)
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{
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p=p->next;
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j++;
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} //此while循环用于查找插入位置的前一个结点
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if(!p||j>i-1)
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return ERROR; //此if语句判断查找是否失败
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s=(Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode)); //为插入的数据分配一个结点
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if(!s)
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return ERROR;
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s->data=e;
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s->next=p->next; //将p的指针域传给s的指针域
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p->next=s; //然后将p的指针域指向s结点
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return OK;
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}
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//三、单链表的删除
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status Deletelist(Linklist &L,int i,ElemType &e)
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{
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Linklist p,q;
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int j=0;
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p=L;
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while(p&&j<i-1)
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{
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p=p->next;
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j++;
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}
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if(!(p->next)||j>i-1) //当如果p的下一个结点为空时,则删除错误
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return ERROR;
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q=p->next; //将要删除的结点用q指向
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e=q->data; //用e返回删除结点的元素
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p->next=q->next; //将q的指针域传给p;
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free(q);
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return OK;
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}
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//四、单链表的查找
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status GetElem(Linklist L,int e,int &i)
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{
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Linklist p=L->next;
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if(p==NULL)
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return ERROR;
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i=1;
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while(p)
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{
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if(p->data==e)
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{
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return i; //如果在链表中找到该元素,则输出其位序
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}
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p=p->next; //否则继续下移查找
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i++;
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}
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}
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//五、单链表的输出
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status Printf(Linklist L)
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{
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Linklist p;
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p=L->next; //让p表示单链表的第一个结点
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while(p)
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{
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cout<<p->data<<" ";
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p=p->next; //输出第一个结点数据后,p后移一位
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}
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cout<<endl;
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return OK;
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}
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//单链表的逆置(头插法)
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status Reservelist(Linklist &L)
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{
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Linklist p,q; //定义两个指针,p是当头结点与第一个结点断开时,而设立的指针,指向第一个结点
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p=L->next; //而q的作用也是与p类似。
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L->next=NULL; //将头结点与第一个结点的链接断开
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while(p)
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{
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q=p->next; //q是为了指向剩余未逆置的元素地址
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p->next=L->next;
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L->next=p; //以上两条语句是将第一个结点逆置插入
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p=q; //然后将q赋给p;
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}
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return OK;
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}
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//单链表的清空
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status Clearlist(Linklist &L)
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{
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Linklist p,q;
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p=L->next;
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while(p)
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{
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p=q;
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q=p->next; //设立一个q指向剩下的结点,之后一个一个清空。
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free(p);
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}
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L->next=NULL;
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cout<<"此链表已清空"<<endl;
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return OK;
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}
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//单链表的销毁
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status Destroylist(Linklist &L)
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{
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Linklist p;
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while(L)
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{
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p=L;
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L=L->next;
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free(p);
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}
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cout<<"此链表已销毁。"<<endl;
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return OK;
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}
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int main()
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{
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Linklist L;
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int n,i;
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ElemType e;
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cout<<"请输入单链表的长度:"<<endl;
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cin>>n;
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Initlist(L,n);
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cout<<"单链表为:"<<endl;
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Printf(L);
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cout<<"请输入要插入第几个结点、插入的元素:"<<endl;
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cin>>i>>e;
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Insertlist(L,i,e);
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cout<<"插入元素后单链表为:"<<endl;
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Printf(L);
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cout<<"请输入要删除的结点位置:"<<endl;
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cin>>i;
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Deletelist(L,i,e);
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cout<<"删除的元素为:"<<e<<endl;
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cout<<"删除元素后单链表为:"<<endl;
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Printf(L);
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cout<<"请输入要查找的结点元素:";
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cin>>e;
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GetElem(L,e,i);
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cout<<e<<"对应的结点位置为:"<<i<<endl;
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cout<<endl;
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cout<<"单链表逆置后输出为:"<<endl;
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Reservelist(L);
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Printf(L);
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Clearlist(L);
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Destroylist(L);
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return OK;
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}
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