后端接口代码 #4

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pfqxe4nai merged 2 commits from luoyi_branch into develop 2 years ago

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#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
import os
import sys
import django
def main():
"""Run administrative tasks."""
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')
try:
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
"forget to activate a virtual environment?"
) from exc
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
if __name__ == "__main__":
# from django.core.management.commands.runserver import Command as Runserver
# Runserver.default_addr = '0.0.0.0' # 修改默认地址
# Runserver.default_port = '8080' # 修改默认端口
main()

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from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.

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from django.apps import AppConfig
class MyappConfig(AppConfig):
default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
name = 'myapp'

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# Generated by Django 3.2.4 on 2024-05-08 09:29
from django.db import migrations, models
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
initial = True
dependencies = [
]
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name='User',
fields=[
('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
('email', models.EmailField(max_length=254)),
],
),
]

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from django.db import models
class User(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
email = models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name

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from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import User
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ['id', 'name', 'email']

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from django.test import TestCase
# Create your tests here.

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from django.urls import path
from .views import hello_world
from .views import get_users, get_user
urlpatterns = [
path('hello/', hello_world),
]
urlpatterns = [
path('users/', get_users, name='get_users'),
path('users/<int:user_id>/', get_user, name='get_user'),
]

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#from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from .models import User
from .serializers import UserSerializer
def hello_world(request):
return JsonResponse({'message': 'Hello, world!'})
@api_view(['GET'])
def get_users(request):
users = User.objects.all()
serializer = UserSerializer(users, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
@api_view(['GET'])
def get_user(request, user_id):
try:
user = User.objects.get(pk=user_id)
except User.DoesNotExist:
return Response({'error': 'User not found'}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
serializer = UserSerializer(user)
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

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"""
ASGI config for mysite project.
It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/asgi/
"""
import os
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')
application = get_asgi_application()

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"""
Django settings for mysite project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.0.4.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/
"""
from pathlib import Path
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-#-ierhq*^cpp*=d$u^e5+*+1wbl&8to=615(wzg*cset^+g48='
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'rest_framework',
'myapp',
'phonenumber',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
}
}
# DATABASES ={
# 'default': {
# # 'ENGINE':'diango.db.backends.mysql',
# 'ENGINE':'localhost',
# 'NAME':'mini12306',
# 'USER':'root',
# 'PASSWORD':'li168518',
# 'HOST':'192.168.43.196',#或者是数据库服务器的IP地址
# 'PORT':'3306',# MySQL 默认端口为3306
# }
# }
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/i18n/
# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
# TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = 'static/'
# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

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"""
URL configuration for mysite project.
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from myapp.views import hello_world
from django.urls import path, include
from phonenumber.views import receive_phone_number # 导入应用程序的视图
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', hello_world), # 映射到根路径
path('', include('myapp.urls')), # 包含 myapp 的 URL
path('phonenumber/', include('phonenumber.urls')),
]

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"""
WSGI config for mysite project.
It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""
import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')
application = get_wsgi_application()

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from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.

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from django.apps import AppConfig
class PhonenumberConfig(AppConfig):
default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
name = 'phonenumber'

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from django.db import models
class PhoneNumber(models.Model):
number = models.CharField(max_length=20)
def __str__(self):
return self.number

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Send Phone Number</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Send Phone Number</h1>
<form action="{% url 'receive_phone_number' %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<label for="phone_number">Phone Number:</label>
<input type="text" id="phone_number" name="phone_number" placeholder="Enter your phone number">
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

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from django.test import TestCase
# Create your tests here.

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from django.urls import path
from .views import receive_phone_number
urlpatterns = [
path('receive-phone-number/', receive_phone_number, name='receive_phone_number'),
]

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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .models import PhoneNumber
from django.http import HttpResponse
def receive_phone_number(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
# 使用 request.POST.get() 方法来获取表单字段的值
phone_number = request.POST.get('phone_number', '') # 第二个参数是默认值,如果字段不存在则返回默认值
# 处理表单数据,这里简单地将其打印出来
print("Received phone number:", phone_number)
# 返回一个响应,可以是重定向到其他页面,或者返回一个成功消息
return HttpResponse("Phone number received successfully: " + phone_number)
else:
# 如果请求方法不是 POST返回一个错误页面或者其他响应
return HttpResponse("Invalid request method")
# def receive_phone_number(request):
# if request.method == 'POST':
# number = request.POST.get('number', None)
# if number:
# PhoneNumber.objects.create(number=number)
# return JsonResponse({'message': 'Phone number received successfully!'})
# else:
# return JsonResponse({'error': 'Invalid phone number'}, status=400)
# else:
# return JsonResponse({'error': 'Only POST requests are allowed'}, status=405)

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Copyright (c) Django Software Foundation and individual contributors.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of Django nor the names of its contributors may be used
to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Django is licensed under the three-clause BSD license; see the file
LICENSE for details.
Django includes code from the Python standard library, which is licensed under
the Python license, a permissive open source license. The copyright and license
is included below for compliance with Python's terms.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2001-present Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved
A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE
==========================
Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands
as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's
principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.
In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us)
in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the
software.
In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same
year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became
Zope Corporation. In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see
https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization
created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property.
Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF.
All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for
the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python
releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes
the various releases.
Release Derived Year Owner GPL-
from compatible? (1)
0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes
1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes
1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no
2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no
1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2)
2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no
2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes
2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes
2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes
2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes
2.2 and above 2.1.1 2001-now PSF yes
Footnotes:
(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under
the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute
a modified version without making your changes open source. The
GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with
other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.
(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,
because its license has a choice of law clause. According to
CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1
is "not incompatible" with the GPL.
Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
direction to make these releases possible.
B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
===============================================================
PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2
--------------------------------------------
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and
its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version,
provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright,
i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Python Software Foundation;
All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version
prepared by Licensee.
3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make
the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
the changes made to Python.
4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
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DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
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FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON,
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8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee
agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
Agreement.
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-------------------------------------------
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office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the
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CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1
---------------------------------------
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("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in
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prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1
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the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
the changes made to Python 1.6.1.
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DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
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ACCEPT
CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2
--------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam,
The Netherlands. All rights reserved.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
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WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Django
Version: 3.2.4
Summary: A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
Home-page: https://www.djangoproject.com/
Author: Django Software Foundation
Author-email: foundation@djangoproject.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://docs.djangoproject.com/
Project-URL: Release notes, https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/releases/
Project-URL: Funding, https://www.djangoproject.com/fundraising/
Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/django/django
Project-URL: Tracker, https://code.djangoproject.com/
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Framework :: Django
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Requires-Python: >=3.6
Requires-Dist: asgiref (<4,>=3.3.2)
Requires-Dist: pytz
Requires-Dist: sqlparse (>=0.2.2)
Provides-Extra: argon2
Requires-Dist: argon2-cffi (>=19.1.0) ; extra == 'argon2'
Provides-Extra: bcrypt
Requires-Dist: bcrypt ; extra == 'bcrypt'
======
Django
======
Django is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development
and clean, pragmatic design. Thanks for checking it out.
All documentation is in the "``docs``" directory and online at
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/. If you're just getting started,
here's how we recommend you read the docs:
* First, read ``docs/intro/install.txt`` for instructions on installing Django.
* Next, work through the tutorials in order (``docs/intro/tutorial01.txt``,
``docs/intro/tutorial02.txt``, etc.).
* If you want to set up an actual deployment server, read
``docs/howto/deployment/index.txt`` for instructions.
* You'll probably want to read through the topical guides (in ``docs/topics``)
next; from there you can jump to the HOWTOs (in ``docs/howto``) for specific
problems, and check out the reference (``docs/ref``) for gory details.
* See ``docs/README`` for instructions on building an HTML version of the docs.
Docs are updated rigorously. If you find any problems in the docs, or think
they should be clarified in any way, please take 30 seconds to fill out a
ticket here: https://code.djangoproject.com/newticket
To get more help:
* Join the ``#django`` channel on ``irc.libera.chat``. Lots of helpful people
hang out there.
* Join the django-users mailing list, or read the archives, at
https://groups.google.com/group/django-users.
To contribute to Django:
* Check out https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/contributing/ for
information about getting involved.
To run Django's test suite:
* Follow the instructions in the "Unit tests" section of
``docs/internals/contributing/writing-code/unit-tests.txt``, published online at
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/contributing/writing-code/unit-tests/#running-the-unit-tests
Supporting the Development of Django
====================================
Django's development depends on your contributions.
If you depend on Django, remember to support the Django Software Foundation: https://www.djangoproject.com/fundraising/

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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.36.0)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any

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[console_scripts]
django-admin = django.core.management:execute_from_command_line

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# don't import any costly modules
import sys
import os
def warn_distutils_present():
if 'distutils' not in sys.modules:
return
import warnings
warnings.warn(
"Distutils was imported before Setuptools, but importing Setuptools "
"also replaces the `distutils` module in `sys.modules`. This may lead "
"to undesirable behaviors or errors. To avoid these issues, avoid "
"using distutils directly, ensure that setuptools is installed in the "
"traditional way (e.g. not an editable install), and/or make sure "
"that setuptools is always imported before distutils."
)
def clear_distutils():
if 'distutils' not in sys.modules:
return
import warnings
warnings.warn("Setuptools is replacing distutils.")
mods = [
name
for name in sys.modules
if name == "distutils" or name.startswith("distutils.")
]
for name in mods:
del sys.modules[name]
def enabled():
"""
Allow selection of distutils by environment variable.
"""
which = os.environ.get('SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS', 'local')
return which == 'local'
def ensure_local_distutils():
import importlib
clear_distutils()
# With the DistutilsMetaFinder in place,
# perform an import to cause distutils to be
# loaded from setuptools._distutils. Ref #2906.
with shim():
importlib.import_module('distutils')
# check that submodules load as expected
core = importlib.import_module('distutils.core')
assert '_distutils' in core.__file__, core.__file__
assert 'setuptools._distutils.log' not in sys.modules
def do_override():
"""
Ensure that the local copy of distutils is preferred over stdlib.
See https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/417#issuecomment-392298401
for more motivation.
"""
if enabled():
warn_distutils_present()
ensure_local_distutils()
class _TrivialRe:
def __init__(self, *patterns):
self._patterns = patterns
def match(self, string):
return all(pat in string for pat in self._patterns)
class DistutilsMetaFinder:
def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
# optimization: only consider top level modules and those
# found in the CPython test suite.
if path is not None and not fullname.startswith('test.'):
return None
method_name = 'spec_for_{fullname}'.format(**locals())
method = getattr(self, method_name, lambda: None)
return method()
def spec_for_distutils(self):
if self.is_cpython():
return None
import importlib
import importlib.abc
import importlib.util
try:
mod = importlib.import_module('setuptools._distutils')
except Exception:
# There are a couple of cases where setuptools._distutils
# may not be present:
# - An older Setuptools without a local distutils is
# taking precedence. Ref #2957.
# - Path manipulation during sitecustomize removes
# setuptools from the path but only after the hook
# has been loaded. Ref #2980.
# In either case, fall back to stdlib behavior.
return None
class DistutilsLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
def create_module(self, spec):
mod.__name__ = 'distutils'
return mod
def exec_module(self, module):
pass
return importlib.util.spec_from_loader(
'distutils', DistutilsLoader(), origin=mod.__file__
)
@staticmethod
def is_cpython():
"""
Suppress supplying distutils for CPython (build and tests).
Ref #2965 and #3007.
"""
return os.path.isfile('pybuilddir.txt')
def spec_for_pip(self):
"""
Ensure stdlib distutils when running under pip.
See pypa/pip#8761 for rationale.
"""
if sys.version_info >= (3, 12) or self.pip_imported_during_build():
return
clear_distutils()
self.spec_for_distutils = lambda: None
@classmethod
def pip_imported_during_build(cls):
"""
Detect if pip is being imported in a build script. Ref #2355.
"""
import traceback
return any(
cls.frame_file_is_setup(frame) for frame, line in traceback.walk_stack(None)
)
@staticmethod
def frame_file_is_setup(frame):
"""
Return True if the indicated frame suggests a setup.py file.
"""
# some frames may not have __file__ (#2940)
return frame.f_globals.get('__file__', '').endswith('setup.py')
def spec_for_sensitive_tests(self):
"""
Ensure stdlib distutils when running select tests under CPython.
python/cpython#91169
"""
clear_distutils()
self.spec_for_distutils = lambda: None
sensitive_tests = (
[
'test.test_distutils',
'test.test_peg_generator',
'test.test_importlib',
]
if sys.version_info < (3, 10)
else [
'test.test_distutils',
]
)
for name in DistutilsMetaFinder.sensitive_tests:
setattr(
DistutilsMetaFinder,
f'spec_for_{name}',
DistutilsMetaFinder.spec_for_sensitive_tests,
)
DISTUTILS_FINDER = DistutilsMetaFinder()
def add_shim():
DISTUTILS_FINDER in sys.meta_path or insert_shim()
class shim:
def __enter__(self):
insert_shim()
def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb):
_remove_shim()
def insert_shim():
sys.meta_path.insert(0, DISTUTILS_FINDER)
def _remove_shim():
try:
sys.meta_path.remove(DISTUTILS_FINDER)
except ValueError:
pass
if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
# DistutilsMetaFinder can only be disabled in Python < 3.12 (PEP 632)
remove_shim = _remove_shim

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__import__('_distutils_hack').do_override()

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Copyright (c) Django Software Foundation and individual contributors.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of Django nor the names of its contributors may be used
to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: asgiref
Version: 3.8.1
Summary: ASGI specs, helper code, and adapters
Home-page: https://github.com/django/asgiref/
Author: Django Software Foundation
Author-email: foundation@djangoproject.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://asgi.readthedocs.io/
Project-URL: Further Documentation, https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/async/#async-adapter-functions
Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/django/asgiref/blob/master/CHANGELOG.txt
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
Requires-Python: >=3.8
License-File: LICENSE
Requires-Dist: typing-extensions >=4 ; python_version < "3.11"
Provides-Extra: tests
Requires-Dist: pytest ; extra == 'tests'
Requires-Dist: pytest-asyncio ; extra == 'tests'
Requires-Dist: mypy >=0.800 ; extra == 'tests'
asgiref
=======
.. image:: https://github.com/django/asgiref/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg
:target: https://github.com/django/asgiref/actions/workflows/tests.yml
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/asgiref.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/asgiref
ASGI is a standard for Python asynchronous web apps and servers to communicate
with each other, and positioned as an asynchronous successor to WSGI. You can
read more at https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
This package includes ASGI base libraries, such as:
* Sync-to-async and async-to-sync function wrappers, ``asgiref.sync``
* Server base classes, ``asgiref.server``
* A WSGI-to-ASGI adapter, in ``asgiref.wsgi``
Function wrappers
-----------------
These allow you to wrap or decorate async or sync functions to call them from
the other style (so you can call async functions from a synchronous thread,
or vice-versa).
In particular:
* AsyncToSync lets a synchronous subthread stop and wait while the async
function is called on the main thread's event loop, and then control is
returned to the thread when the async function is finished.
* SyncToAsync lets async code call a synchronous function, which is run in
a threadpool and control returned to the async coroutine when the synchronous
function completes.
The idea is to make it easier to call synchronous APIs from async code and
asynchronous APIs from synchronous code so it's easier to transition code from
one style to the other. In the case of Channels, we wrap the (synchronous)
Django view system with SyncToAsync to allow it to run inside the (asynchronous)
ASGI server.
Note that exactly what threads things run in is very specific, and aimed to
keep maximum compatibility with old synchronous code. See
"Synchronous code & Threads" below for a full explanation. By default,
``sync_to_async`` will run all synchronous code in the program in the same
thread for safety reasons; you can disable this for more performance with
``@sync_to_async(thread_sensitive=False)``, but make sure that your code does
not rely on anything bound to threads (like database connections) when you do.
Threadlocal replacement
-----------------------
This is a drop-in replacement for ``threading.local`` that works with both
threads and asyncio Tasks. Even better, it will proxy values through from a
task-local context to a thread-local context when you use ``sync_to_async``
to run things in a threadpool, and vice-versa for ``async_to_sync``.
If you instead want true thread- and task-safety, you can set
``thread_critical`` on the Local object to ensure this instead.
Server base classes
-------------------
Includes a ``StatelessServer`` class which provides all the hard work of
writing a stateless server (as in, does not handle direct incoming sockets
but instead consumes external streams or sockets to work out what is happening).
An example of such a server would be a chatbot server that connects out to
a central chat server and provides a "connection scope" per user chatting to
it. There's only one actual connection, but the server has to separate things
into several scopes for easier writing of the code.
You can see an example of this being used in `frequensgi <https://github.com/andrewgodwin/frequensgi>`_.
WSGI-to-ASGI adapter
--------------------
Allows you to wrap a WSGI application so it appears as a valid ASGI application.
Simply wrap it around your WSGI application like so::
asgi_application = WsgiToAsgi(wsgi_application)
The WSGI application will be run in a synchronous threadpool, and the wrapped
ASGI application will be one that accepts ``http`` class messages.
Please note that not all extended features of WSGI may be supported (such as
file handles for incoming POST bodies).
Dependencies
------------
``asgiref`` requires Python 3.8 or higher.
Contributing
------------
Please refer to the
`main Channels contributing docs <https://github.com/django/channels/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.rst>`_.
Testing
'''''''
To run tests, make sure you have installed the ``tests`` extra with the package::
cd asgiref/
pip install -e .[tests]
pytest
Building the documentation
''''''''''''''''''''''''''
The documentation uses `Sphinx <http://www.sphinx-doc.org>`_::
cd asgiref/docs/
pip install sphinx
To build the docs, you can use the default tools::
sphinx-build -b html . _build/html # or `make html`, if you've got make set up
cd _build/html
python -m http.server
...or you can use ``sphinx-autobuild`` to run a server and rebuild/reload
your documentation changes automatically::
pip install sphinx-autobuild
sphinx-autobuild . _build/html
Releasing
'''''''''
To release, first add details to CHANGELOG.txt and update the version number in ``asgiref/__init__.py``.
Then, build and push the packages::
python -m build
twine upload dist/*
rm -r build/ dist/
Implementation Details
----------------------
Synchronous code & threads
''''''''''''''''''''''''''
The ``asgiref.sync`` module provides two wrappers that let you go between
asynchronous and synchronous code at will, while taking care of the rough edges
for you.
Unfortunately, the rough edges are numerous, and the code has to work especially
hard to keep things in the same thread as much as possible. Notably, the
restrictions we are working with are:
* All synchronous code called through ``SyncToAsync`` and marked with
``thread_sensitive`` should run in the same thread as each other (and if the
outer layer of the program is synchronous, the main thread)
* If a thread already has a running async loop, ``AsyncToSync`` can't run things
on that loop if it's blocked on synchronous code that is above you in the
call stack.
The first compromise you get to might be that ``thread_sensitive`` code should
just run in the same thread and not spawn in a sub-thread, fulfilling the first
restriction, but that immediately runs you into the second restriction.
The only real solution is to essentially have a variant of ThreadPoolExecutor
that executes any ``thread_sensitive`` code on the outermost synchronous
thread - either the main thread, or a single spawned subthread.
This means you now have two basic states:
* If the outermost layer of your program is synchronous, then all async code
run through ``AsyncToSync`` will run in a per-call event loop in arbitrary
sub-threads, while all ``thread_sensitive`` code will run in the main thread.
* If the outermost layer of your program is asynchronous, then all async code
runs on the main thread's event loop, and all ``thread_sensitive`` synchronous
code will run in a single shared sub-thread.
Crucially, this means that in both cases there is a thread which is a shared
resource that all ``thread_sensitive`` code must run on, and there is a chance
that this thread is currently blocked on its own ``AsyncToSync`` call. Thus,
``AsyncToSync`` needs to act as an executor for thread code while it's blocking.
The ``CurrentThreadExecutor`` class provides this functionality; rather than
simply waiting on a Future, you can call its ``run_until_future`` method and
it will run submitted code until that Future is done. This means that code
inside the call can then run code on your thread.
Maintenance and Security
------------------------
To report security issues, please contact security@djangoproject.com. For GPG
signatures and more security process information, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/security/.
To report bugs or request new features, please open a new GitHub issue.
This repository is part of the Channels project. For the shepherd and maintenance team, please see the
`main Channels readme <https://github.com/django/channels/blob/master/README.rst>`_.

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Wheel-Version: 1.0
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Tag: py3-none-any

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import inspect
from .sync import iscoroutinefunction
def is_double_callable(application):
"""
Tests to see if an application is a legacy-style (double-callable) application.
"""
# Look for a hint on the object first
if getattr(application, "_asgi_single_callable", False):
return False
if getattr(application, "_asgi_double_callable", False):
return True
# Uninstanted classes are double-callable
if inspect.isclass(application):
return True
# Instanted classes depend on their __call__
if hasattr(application, "__call__"):
# We only check to see if its __call__ is a coroutine function -
# if it's not, it still might be a coroutine function itself.
if iscoroutinefunction(application.__call__):
return False
# Non-classes we just check directly
return not iscoroutinefunction(application)
def double_to_single_callable(application):
"""
Transforms a double-callable ASGI application into a single-callable one.
"""
async def new_application(scope, receive, send):
instance = application(scope)
return await instance(receive, send)
return new_application
def guarantee_single_callable(application):
"""
Takes either a single- or double-callable application and always returns it
in single-callable style. Use this to add backwards compatibility for ASGI
2.0 applications to your server/test harness/etc.
"""
if is_double_callable(application):
application = double_to_single_callable(application)
return application

@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
import queue
import sys
import threading
from concurrent.futures import Executor, Future
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, TypeVar, Union
if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
from typing import ParamSpec
else:
from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
_T = TypeVar("_T")
_P = ParamSpec("_P")
_R = TypeVar("_R")
class _WorkItem:
"""
Represents an item needing to be run in the executor.
Copied from ThreadPoolExecutor (but it's private, so we're not going to rely on importing it)
"""
def __init__(
self,
future: "Future[_R]",
fn: Callable[_P, _R],
*args: _P.args,
**kwargs: _P.kwargs,
):
self.future = future
self.fn = fn
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
def run(self) -> None:
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
if not self.future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
return
try:
result = self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
except BaseException as exc:
self.future.set_exception(exc)
# Break a reference cycle with the exception 'exc'
self = None # type: ignore[assignment]
else:
self.future.set_result(result)
class CurrentThreadExecutor(Executor):
"""
An Executor that actually runs code in the thread it is instantiated in.
Passed to other threads running async code, so they can run sync code in
the thread they came from.
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._work_thread = threading.current_thread()
self._work_queue: queue.Queue[Union[_WorkItem, "Future[Any]"]] = queue.Queue()
self._broken = False
def run_until_future(self, future: "Future[Any]") -> None:
"""
Runs the code in the work queue until a result is available from the future.
Should be run from the thread the executor is initialised in.
"""
# Check we're in the right thread
if threading.current_thread() != self._work_thread:
raise RuntimeError(
"You cannot run CurrentThreadExecutor from a different thread"
)
future.add_done_callback(self._work_queue.put)
# Keep getting and running work items until we get the future we're waiting for
# back via the future's done callback.
try:
while True:
# Get a work item and run it
work_item = self._work_queue.get()
if work_item is future:
return
assert isinstance(work_item, _WorkItem)
work_item.run()
del work_item
finally:
self._broken = True
def _submit(
self,
fn: Callable[_P, _R],
*args: _P.args,
**kwargs: _P.kwargs,
) -> "Future[_R]":
# Check they're not submitting from the same thread
if threading.current_thread() == self._work_thread:
raise RuntimeError(
"You cannot submit onto CurrentThreadExecutor from its own thread"
)
# Check they're not too late or the executor errored
if self._broken:
raise RuntimeError("CurrentThreadExecutor already quit or is broken")
# Add to work queue
f: "Future[_R]" = Future()
work_item = _WorkItem(f, fn, *args, **kwargs)
self._work_queue.put(work_item)
# Return the future
return f
# Python 3.9+ has a new signature for submit with a "/" after `fn`, to enforce
# it to be a positional argument. If we ignore[override] mypy on 3.9+ will be
# happy but 3.8 will say that the ignore comment is unused, even when
# defining them differently based on sys.version_info.
# We should be able to remove this when we drop support for 3.8.
if not TYPE_CHECKING:
def submit(self, fn, *args, **kwargs):
return self._submit(fn, *args, **kwargs)

@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
import asyncio
import contextlib
import contextvars
import threading
from typing import Any, Dict, Union
class _CVar:
"""Storage utility for Local."""
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._data: "contextvars.ContextVar[Dict[str, Any]]" = contextvars.ContextVar(
"asgiref.local"
)
def __getattr__(self, key):
storage_object = self._data.get({})
try:
return storage_object[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(f"{self!r} object has no attribute {key!r}")
def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
if key == "_data":
return super().__setattr__(key, value)
storage_object = self._data.get({})
storage_object[key] = value
self._data.set(storage_object)
def __delattr__(self, key: str) -> None:
storage_object = self._data.get({})
if key in storage_object:
del storage_object[key]
self._data.set(storage_object)
else:
raise AttributeError(f"{self!r} object has no attribute {key!r}")
class Local:
"""Local storage for async tasks.
This is a namespace object (similar to `threading.local`) where data is
also local to the current async task (if there is one).
In async threads, local means in the same sense as the `contextvars`
module - i.e. a value set in an async frame will be visible:
- to other async code `await`-ed from this frame.
- to tasks spawned using `asyncio` utilities (`create_task`, `wait_for`,
`gather` and probably others).
- to code scheduled in a sync thread using `sync_to_async`
In "sync" threads (a thread with no async event loop running), the
data is thread-local, but additionally shared with async code executed
via the `async_to_sync` utility, which schedules async code in a new thread
and copies context across to that thread.
If `thread_critical` is True, then the local will only be visible per-thread,
behaving exactly like `threading.local` if the thread is sync, and as
`contextvars` if the thread is async. This allows genuinely thread-sensitive
code (such as DB handles) to be kept stricly to their initial thread and
disable the sharing across `sync_to_async` and `async_to_sync` wrapped calls.
Unlike plain `contextvars` objects, this utility is threadsafe.
"""
def __init__(self, thread_critical: bool = False) -> None:
self._thread_critical = thread_critical
self._thread_lock = threading.RLock()
self._storage: "Union[threading.local, _CVar]"
if thread_critical:
# Thread-local storage
self._storage = threading.local()
else:
# Contextvar storage
self._storage = _CVar()
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _lock_storage(self):
# Thread safe access to storage
if self._thread_critical:
try:
# this is a test for are we in a async or sync
# thread - will raise RuntimeError if there is
# no current loop
asyncio.get_running_loop()
except RuntimeError:
# We are in a sync thread, the storage is
# just the plain thread local (i.e, "global within
# this thread" - it doesn't matter where you are
# in a call stack you see the same storage)
yield self._storage
else:
# We are in an async thread - storage is still
# local to this thread, but additionally should
# behave like a context var (is only visible with
# the same async call stack)
# Ensure context exists in the current thread
if not hasattr(self._storage, "cvar"):
self._storage.cvar = _CVar()
# self._storage is a thread local, so the members
# can't be accessed in another thread (we don't
# need any locks)
yield self._storage.cvar
else:
# Lock for thread_critical=False as other threads
# can access the exact same storage object
with self._thread_lock:
yield self._storage
def __getattr__(self, key):
with self._lock_storage() as storage:
return getattr(storage, key)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
if key in ("_local", "_storage", "_thread_critical", "_thread_lock"):
return super().__setattr__(key, value)
with self._lock_storage() as storage:
setattr(storage, key, value)
def __delattr__(self, key):
with self._lock_storage() as storage:
delattr(storage, key)

@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
import asyncio
import logging
import time
import traceback
from .compatibility import guarantee_single_callable
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class StatelessServer:
"""
Base server class that handles basic concepts like application instance
creation/pooling, exception handling, and similar, for stateless protocols
(i.e. ones without actual incoming connections to the process)
Your code should override the handle() method, doing whatever it needs to,
and calling get_or_create_application_instance with a unique `scope_id`
and `scope` for the scope it wants to get.
If an application instance is found with the same `scope_id`, you are
given its input queue, otherwise one is made for you with the scope provided
and you are given that fresh new input queue. Either way, you should do
something like:
input_queue = self.get_or_create_application_instance(
"user-123456",
{"type": "testprotocol", "user_id": "123456", "username": "andrew"},
)
input_queue.put_nowait(message)
If you try and create an application instance and there are already
`max_application` instances, the oldest/least recently used one will be
reclaimed and shut down to make space.
Application coroutines that error will be found periodically (every 100ms
by default) and have their exceptions printed to the console. Override
application_exception() if you want to do more when this happens.
If you override run(), make sure you handle things like launching the
application checker.
"""
application_checker_interval = 0.1
def __init__(self, application, max_applications=1000):
# Parameters
self.application = application
self.max_applications = max_applications
# Initialisation
self.application_instances = {}
### Mainloop and handling
def run(self):
"""
Runs the asyncio event loop with our handler loop.
"""
event_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
asyncio.ensure_future(self.application_checker())
try:
event_loop.run_until_complete(self.handle())
except KeyboardInterrupt:
logger.info("Exiting due to Ctrl-C/interrupt")
async def handle(self):
raise NotImplementedError("You must implement handle()")
async def application_send(self, scope, message):
"""
Receives outbound sends from applications and handles them.
"""
raise NotImplementedError("You must implement application_send()")
### Application instance management
def get_or_create_application_instance(self, scope_id, scope):
"""
Creates an application instance and returns its queue.
"""
if scope_id in self.application_instances:
self.application_instances[scope_id]["last_used"] = time.time()
return self.application_instances[scope_id]["input_queue"]
# See if we need to delete an old one
while len(self.application_instances) > self.max_applications:
self.delete_oldest_application_instance()
# Make an instance of the application
input_queue = asyncio.Queue()
application_instance = guarantee_single_callable(self.application)
# Run it, and stash the future for later checking
future = asyncio.ensure_future(
application_instance(
scope=scope,
receive=input_queue.get,
send=lambda message: self.application_send(scope, message),
),
)
self.application_instances[scope_id] = {
"input_queue": input_queue,
"future": future,
"scope": scope,
"last_used": time.time(),
}
return input_queue
def delete_oldest_application_instance(self):
"""
Finds and deletes the oldest application instance
"""
oldest_time = min(
details["last_used"] for details in self.application_instances.values()
)
for scope_id, details in self.application_instances.items():
if details["last_used"] == oldest_time:
self.delete_application_instance(scope_id)
# Return to make sure we only delete one in case two have
# the same oldest time
return
def delete_application_instance(self, scope_id):
"""
Removes an application instance (makes sure its task is stopped,
then removes it from the current set)
"""
details = self.application_instances[scope_id]
del self.application_instances[scope_id]
if not details["future"].done():
details["future"].cancel()
async def application_checker(self):
"""
Goes through the set of current application instance Futures and cleans up
any that are done/prints exceptions for any that errored.
"""
while True:
await asyncio.sleep(self.application_checker_interval)
for scope_id, details in list(self.application_instances.items()):
if details["future"].done():
exception = details["future"].exception()
if exception:
await self.application_exception(exception, details)
try:
del self.application_instances[scope_id]
except KeyError:
# Exception handling might have already got here before us. That's fine.
pass
async def application_exception(self, exception, application_details):
"""
Called whenever an application coroutine has an exception.
"""
logging.error(
"Exception inside application: %s\n%s%s",
exception,
"".join(traceback.format_tb(exception.__traceback__)),
f" {exception}",
)

@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
import asyncio
import asyncio.coroutines
import contextvars
import functools
import inspect
import os
import sys
import threading
import warnings
import weakref
from concurrent.futures import Future, ThreadPoolExecutor
from typing import (
TYPE_CHECKING,
Any,
Awaitable,
Callable,
Coroutine,
Dict,
Generic,
List,
Optional,
TypeVar,
Union,
overload,
)
from .current_thread_executor import CurrentThreadExecutor
from .local import Local
if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
from typing import ParamSpec
else:
from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
if TYPE_CHECKING:
# This is not available to import at runtime
from _typeshed import OptExcInfo
_F = TypeVar("_F", bound=Callable[..., Any])
_P = ParamSpec("_P")
_R = TypeVar("_R")
def _restore_context(context: contextvars.Context) -> None:
# Check for changes in contextvars, and set them to the current
# context for downstream consumers
for cvar in context:
cvalue = context.get(cvar)
try:
if cvar.get() != cvalue:
cvar.set(cvalue)
except LookupError:
cvar.set(cvalue)
# Python 3.12 deprecates asyncio.iscoroutinefunction() as an alias for
# inspect.iscoroutinefunction(), whilst also removing the _is_coroutine marker.
# The latter is replaced with the inspect.markcoroutinefunction decorator.
# Until 3.12 is the minimum supported Python version, provide a shim.
if hasattr(inspect, "markcoroutinefunction"):
iscoroutinefunction = inspect.iscoroutinefunction
markcoroutinefunction: Callable[[_F], _F] = inspect.markcoroutinefunction
else:
iscoroutinefunction = asyncio.iscoroutinefunction # type: ignore[assignment]
def markcoroutinefunction(func: _F) -> _F:
func._is_coroutine = asyncio.coroutines._is_coroutine # type: ignore
return func
class ThreadSensitiveContext:
"""Async context manager to manage context for thread sensitive mode
This context manager controls which thread pool executor is used when in
thread sensitive mode. By default, a single thread pool executor is shared
within a process.
The ThreadSensitiveContext() context manager may be used to specify a
thread pool per context.
This context manager is re-entrant, so only the outer-most call to
ThreadSensitiveContext will set the context.
Usage:
>>> import time
>>> async with ThreadSensitiveContext():
... await sync_to_async(time.sleep, 1)()
"""
def __init__(self):
self.token = None
async def __aenter__(self):
try:
SyncToAsync.thread_sensitive_context.get()
except LookupError:
self.token = SyncToAsync.thread_sensitive_context.set(self)
return self
async def __aexit__(self, exc, value, tb):
if not self.token:
return
executor = SyncToAsync.context_to_thread_executor.pop(self, None)
if executor:
executor.shutdown()
SyncToAsync.thread_sensitive_context.reset(self.token)
class AsyncToSync(Generic[_P, _R]):
"""
Utility class which turns an awaitable that only works on the thread with
the event loop into a synchronous callable that works in a subthread.
If the call stack contains an async loop, the code runs there.
Otherwise, the code runs in a new loop in a new thread.
Either way, this thread then pauses and waits to run any thread_sensitive
code called from further down the call stack using SyncToAsync, before
finally exiting once the async task returns.
"""
# Keeps a reference to the CurrentThreadExecutor in local context, so that
# any sync_to_async inside the wrapped code can find it.
executors: "Local" = Local()
# When we can't find a CurrentThreadExecutor from the context, such as
# inside create_task, we'll look it up here from the running event loop.
loop_thread_executors: "Dict[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, CurrentThreadExecutor]" = {}
def __init__(
self,
awaitable: Union[
Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]],
Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]],
],
force_new_loop: bool = False,
):
if not callable(awaitable) or (
not iscoroutinefunction(awaitable)
and not iscoroutinefunction(getattr(awaitable, "__call__", awaitable))
):
# Python does not have very reliable detection of async functions
# (lots of false negatives) so this is just a warning.
warnings.warn(
"async_to_sync was passed a non-async-marked callable", stacklevel=2
)
self.awaitable = awaitable
try:
self.__self__ = self.awaitable.__self__ # type: ignore[union-attr]
except AttributeError:
pass
self.force_new_loop = force_new_loop
self.main_event_loop = None
try:
self.main_event_loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
except RuntimeError:
# There's no event loop in this thread.
pass
def __call__(self, *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> _R:
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
if not self.force_new_loop and not self.main_event_loop:
# There's no event loop in this thread. Look for the threadlocal if
# we're inside SyncToAsync
main_event_loop_pid = getattr(
SyncToAsync.threadlocal, "main_event_loop_pid", None
)
# We make sure the parent loop is from the same process - if
# they've forked, this is not going to be valid any more (#194)
if main_event_loop_pid and main_event_loop_pid == os.getpid():
self.main_event_loop = getattr(
SyncToAsync.threadlocal, "main_event_loop", None
)
# You can't call AsyncToSync from a thread with a running event loop
try:
event_loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
except RuntimeError:
pass
else:
if event_loop.is_running():
raise RuntimeError(
"You cannot use AsyncToSync in the same thread as an async event loop - "
"just await the async function directly."
)
# Make a future for the return information
call_result: "Future[_R]" = Future()
# Make a CurrentThreadExecutor we'll use to idle in this thread - we
# need one for every sync frame, even if there's one above us in the
# same thread.
old_executor = getattr(self.executors, "current", None)
current_executor = CurrentThreadExecutor()
self.executors.current = current_executor
# Wrapping context in list so it can be reassigned from within
# `main_wrap`.
context = [contextvars.copy_context()]
# Get task context so that parent task knows which task to propagate
# an asyncio.CancelledError to.
task_context = getattr(SyncToAsync.threadlocal, "task_context", None)
loop = None
# Use call_soon_threadsafe to schedule a synchronous callback on the
# main event loop's thread if it's there, otherwise make a new loop
# in this thread.
try:
awaitable = self.main_wrap(
call_result,
sys.exc_info(),
task_context,
context,
*args,
**kwargs,
)
if not (self.main_event_loop and self.main_event_loop.is_running()):
# Make our own event loop - in a new thread - and run inside that.
loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
self.loop_thread_executors[loop] = current_executor
loop_executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
loop_future = loop_executor.submit(
self._run_event_loop, loop, awaitable
)
if current_executor:
# Run the CurrentThreadExecutor until the future is done
current_executor.run_until_future(loop_future)
# Wait for future and/or allow for exception propagation
loop_future.result()
else:
# Call it inside the existing loop
self.main_event_loop.call_soon_threadsafe(
self.main_event_loop.create_task, awaitable
)
if current_executor:
# Run the CurrentThreadExecutor until the future is done
current_executor.run_until_future(call_result)
finally:
# Clean up any executor we were running
if loop is not None:
del self.loop_thread_executors[loop]
_restore_context(context[0])
# Restore old current thread executor state
self.executors.current = old_executor
# Wait for results from the future.
return call_result.result()
def _run_event_loop(self, loop, coro):
"""
Runs the given event loop (designed to be called in a thread).
"""
asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
try:
loop.run_until_complete(coro)
finally:
try:
# mimic asyncio.run() behavior
# cancel unexhausted async generators
tasks = asyncio.all_tasks(loop)
for task in tasks:
task.cancel()
async def gather():
await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
loop.run_until_complete(gather())
for task in tasks:
if task.cancelled():
continue
if task.exception() is not None:
loop.call_exception_handler(
{
"message": "unhandled exception during loop shutdown",
"exception": task.exception(),
"task": task,
}
)
if hasattr(loop, "shutdown_asyncgens"):
loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
finally:
loop.close()
asyncio.set_event_loop(self.main_event_loop)
def __get__(self, parent: Any, objtype: Any) -> Callable[_P, _R]:
"""
Include self for methods
"""
func = functools.partial(self.__call__, parent)
return functools.update_wrapper(func, self.awaitable)
async def main_wrap(
self,
call_result: "Future[_R]",
exc_info: "OptExcInfo",
task_context: "Optional[List[asyncio.Task[Any]]]",
context: List[contextvars.Context],
*args: _P.args,
**kwargs: _P.kwargs,
) -> None:
"""
Wraps the awaitable with something that puts the result into the
result/exception future.
"""
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
if context is not None:
_restore_context(context[0])
current_task = asyncio.current_task()
if current_task is not None and task_context is not None:
task_context.append(current_task)
try:
# If we have an exception, run the function inside the except block
# after raising it so exc_info is correctly populated.
if exc_info[1]:
try:
raise exc_info[1]
except BaseException:
result = await self.awaitable(*args, **kwargs)
else:
result = await self.awaitable(*args, **kwargs)
except BaseException as e:
call_result.set_exception(e)
else:
call_result.set_result(result)
finally:
if current_task is not None and task_context is not None:
task_context.remove(current_task)
context[0] = contextvars.copy_context()
class SyncToAsync(Generic[_P, _R]):
"""
Utility class which turns a synchronous callable into an awaitable that
runs in a threadpool. It also sets a threadlocal inside the thread so
calls to AsyncToSync can escape it.
If thread_sensitive is passed, the code will run in the same thread as any
outer code. This is needed for underlying Python code that is not
threadsafe (for example, code which handles SQLite database connections).
If the outermost program is async (i.e. SyncToAsync is outermost), then
this will be a dedicated single sub-thread that all sync code runs in,
one after the other. If the outermost program is sync (i.e. AsyncToSync is
outermost), this will just be the main thread. This is achieved by idling
with a CurrentThreadExecutor while AsyncToSync is blocking its sync parent,
rather than just blocking.
If executor is passed in, that will be used instead of the loop's default executor.
In order to pass in an executor, thread_sensitive must be set to False, otherwise
a TypeError will be raised.
"""
# Storage for main event loop references
threadlocal = threading.local()
# Single-thread executor for thread-sensitive code
single_thread_executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
# Maintain a contextvar for the current execution context. Optionally used
# for thread sensitive mode.
thread_sensitive_context: "contextvars.ContextVar[ThreadSensitiveContext]" = (
contextvars.ContextVar("thread_sensitive_context")
)
# Contextvar that is used to detect if the single thread executor
# would be awaited on while already being used in the same context
deadlock_context: "contextvars.ContextVar[bool]" = contextvars.ContextVar(
"deadlock_context"
)
# Maintaining a weak reference to the context ensures that thread pools are
# erased once the context goes out of scope. This terminates the thread pool.
context_to_thread_executor: "weakref.WeakKeyDictionary[ThreadSensitiveContext, ThreadPoolExecutor]" = (
weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
)
def __init__(
self,
func: Callable[_P, _R],
thread_sensitive: bool = True,
executor: Optional["ThreadPoolExecutor"] = None,
) -> None:
if (
not callable(func)
or iscoroutinefunction(func)
or iscoroutinefunction(getattr(func, "__call__", func))
):
raise TypeError("sync_to_async can only be applied to sync functions.")
self.func = func
functools.update_wrapper(self, func)
self._thread_sensitive = thread_sensitive
markcoroutinefunction(self)
if thread_sensitive and executor is not None:
raise TypeError("executor must not be set when thread_sensitive is True")
self._executor = executor
try:
self.__self__ = func.__self__ # type: ignore
except AttributeError:
pass
async def __call__(self, *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> _R:
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
# Work out what thread to run the code in
if self._thread_sensitive:
current_thread_executor = getattr(AsyncToSync.executors, "current", None)
if current_thread_executor:
# If we have a parent sync thread above somewhere, use that
executor = current_thread_executor
elif self.thread_sensitive_context.get(None):
# If we have a way of retrieving the current context, attempt
# to use a per-context thread pool executor
thread_sensitive_context = self.thread_sensitive_context.get()
if thread_sensitive_context in self.context_to_thread_executor:
# Re-use thread executor in current context
executor = self.context_to_thread_executor[thread_sensitive_context]
else:
# Create new thread executor in current context
executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
self.context_to_thread_executor[thread_sensitive_context] = executor
elif loop in AsyncToSync.loop_thread_executors:
# Re-use thread executor for running loop
executor = AsyncToSync.loop_thread_executors[loop]
elif self.deadlock_context.get(False):
raise RuntimeError(
"Single thread executor already being used, would deadlock"
)
else:
# Otherwise, we run it in a fixed single thread
executor = self.single_thread_executor
self.deadlock_context.set(True)
else:
# Use the passed in executor, or the loop's default if it is None
executor = self._executor
context = contextvars.copy_context()
child = functools.partial(self.func, *args, **kwargs)
func = context.run
task_context: List[asyncio.Task[Any]] = []
# Run the code in the right thread
exec_coro = loop.run_in_executor(
executor,
functools.partial(
self.thread_handler,
loop,
sys.exc_info(),
task_context,
func,
child,
),
)
ret: _R
try:
ret = await asyncio.shield(exec_coro)
except asyncio.CancelledError:
cancel_parent = True
try:
task = task_context[0]
task.cancel()
try:
await task
cancel_parent = False
except asyncio.CancelledError:
pass
except IndexError:
pass
if exec_coro.done():
raise
if cancel_parent:
exec_coro.cancel()
ret = await exec_coro
finally:
_restore_context(context)
self.deadlock_context.set(False)
return ret
def __get__(
self, parent: Any, objtype: Any
) -> Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]]:
"""
Include self for methods
"""
func = functools.partial(self.__call__, parent)
return functools.update_wrapper(func, self.func)
def thread_handler(self, loop, exc_info, task_context, func, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Wraps the sync application with exception handling.
"""
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
# Set the threadlocal for AsyncToSync
self.threadlocal.main_event_loop = loop
self.threadlocal.main_event_loop_pid = os.getpid()
self.threadlocal.task_context = task_context
# Run the function
# If we have an exception, run the function inside the except block
# after raising it so exc_info is correctly populated.
if exc_info[1]:
try:
raise exc_info[1]
except BaseException:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
else:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
@overload
def async_to_sync(
*,
force_new_loop: bool = False,
) -> Callable[
[Union[Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]], Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]]]],
Callable[_P, _R],
]:
...
@overload
def async_to_sync(
awaitable: Union[
Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]],
Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]],
],
*,
force_new_loop: bool = False,
) -> Callable[_P, _R]:
...
def async_to_sync(
awaitable: Optional[
Union[
Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]],
Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]],
]
] = None,
*,
force_new_loop: bool = False,
) -> Union[
Callable[
[Union[Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]], Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]]]],
Callable[_P, _R],
],
Callable[_P, _R],
]:
if awaitable is None:
return lambda f: AsyncToSync(
f,
force_new_loop=force_new_loop,
)
return AsyncToSync(
awaitable,
force_new_loop=force_new_loop,
)
@overload
def sync_to_async(
*,
thread_sensitive: bool = True,
executor: Optional["ThreadPoolExecutor"] = None,
) -> Callable[[Callable[_P, _R]], Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]]]:
...
@overload
def sync_to_async(
func: Callable[_P, _R],
*,
thread_sensitive: bool = True,
executor: Optional["ThreadPoolExecutor"] = None,
) -> Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]]:
...
def sync_to_async(
func: Optional[Callable[_P, _R]] = None,
*,
thread_sensitive: bool = True,
executor: Optional["ThreadPoolExecutor"] = None,
) -> Union[
Callable[[Callable[_P, _R]], Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]]],
Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]],
]:
if func is None:
return lambda f: SyncToAsync(
f,
thread_sensitive=thread_sensitive,
executor=executor,
)
return SyncToAsync(
func,
thread_sensitive=thread_sensitive,
executor=executor,
)

@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
import asyncio
import contextvars
import time
from .compatibility import guarantee_single_callable
from .timeout import timeout as async_timeout
class ApplicationCommunicator:
"""
Runs an ASGI application in a test mode, allowing sending of
messages to it and retrieval of messages it sends.
"""
def __init__(self, application, scope):
self.application = guarantee_single_callable(application)
self.scope = scope
self.input_queue = asyncio.Queue()
self.output_queue = asyncio.Queue()
# Clear context - this ensures that context vars set in the testing scope
# are not "leaked" into the application which would normally begin with
# an empty context. In Python >= 3.11 this could also be written as:
# asyncio.create_task(..., context=contextvars.Context())
self.future = contextvars.Context().run(
asyncio.create_task,
self.application(scope, self.input_queue.get, self.output_queue.put),
)
async def wait(self, timeout=1):
"""
Waits for the application to stop itself and returns any exceptions.
"""
try:
async with async_timeout(timeout):
try:
await self.future
self.future.result()
except asyncio.CancelledError:
pass
finally:
if not self.future.done():
self.future.cancel()
try:
await self.future
except asyncio.CancelledError:
pass
def stop(self, exceptions=True):
if not self.future.done():
self.future.cancel()
elif exceptions:
# Give a chance to raise any exceptions
self.future.result()
def __del__(self):
# Clean up on deletion
try:
self.stop(exceptions=False)
except RuntimeError:
# Event loop already stopped
pass
async def send_input(self, message):
"""
Sends a single message to the application
"""
# Give it the message
await self.input_queue.put(message)
async def receive_output(self, timeout=1):
"""
Receives a single message from the application, with optional timeout.
"""
# Make sure there's not an exception to raise from the task
if self.future.done():
self.future.result()
# Wait and receive the message
try:
async with async_timeout(timeout):
return await self.output_queue.get()
except asyncio.TimeoutError as e:
# See if we have another error to raise inside
if self.future.done():
self.future.result()
else:
self.future.cancel()
try:
await self.future
except asyncio.CancelledError:
pass
raise e
async def receive_nothing(self, timeout=0.1, interval=0.01):
"""
Checks that there is no message to receive in the given time.
"""
# `interval` has precedence over `timeout`
start = time.monotonic()
while time.monotonic() - start < timeout:
if not self.output_queue.empty():
return False
await asyncio.sleep(interval)
return self.output_queue.empty()

@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
# This code is originally sourced from the aio-libs project "async_timeout",
# under the Apache 2.0 license. You may see the original project at
# https://github.com/aio-libs/async-timeout
# It is vendored here to reduce chain-dependencies on this library, and
# modified slightly to remove some features we don't use.
import asyncio
import warnings
from types import TracebackType
from typing import Any # noqa
from typing import Optional, Type
class timeout:
"""timeout context manager.
Useful in cases when you want to apply timeout logic around block
of code or in cases when asyncio.wait_for is not suitable. For example:
>>> with timeout(0.001):
... async with aiohttp.get('https://github.com') as r:
... await r.text()
timeout - value in seconds or None to disable timeout logic
loop - asyncio compatible event loop
"""
def __init__(
self,
timeout: Optional[float],
*,
loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] = None,
) -> None:
self._timeout = timeout
if loop is None:
loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
else:
warnings.warn(
"""The loop argument to timeout() is deprecated.""", DeprecationWarning
)
self._loop = loop
self._task = None # type: Optional[asyncio.Task[Any]]
self._cancelled = False
self._cancel_handler = None # type: Optional[asyncio.Handle]
self._cancel_at = None # type: Optional[float]
def __enter__(self) -> "timeout":
return self._do_enter()
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: Type[BaseException],
exc_val: BaseException,
exc_tb: TracebackType,
) -> Optional[bool]:
self._do_exit(exc_type)
return None
async def __aenter__(self) -> "timeout":
return self._do_enter()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: Type[BaseException],
exc_val: BaseException,
exc_tb: TracebackType,
) -> None:
self._do_exit(exc_type)
@property
def expired(self) -> bool:
return self._cancelled
@property
def remaining(self) -> Optional[float]:
if self._cancel_at is not None:
return max(self._cancel_at - self._loop.time(), 0.0)
else:
return None
def _do_enter(self) -> "timeout":
# Support Tornado 5- without timeout
# Details: https://github.com/python/asyncio/issues/392
if self._timeout is None:
return self
self._task = asyncio.current_task(self._loop)
if self._task is None:
raise RuntimeError(
"Timeout context manager should be used " "inside a task"
)
if self._timeout <= 0:
self._loop.call_soon(self._cancel_task)
return self
self._cancel_at = self._loop.time() + self._timeout
self._cancel_handler = self._loop.call_at(self._cancel_at, self._cancel_task)
return self
def _do_exit(self, exc_type: Type[BaseException]) -> None:
if exc_type is asyncio.CancelledError and self._cancelled:
self._cancel_handler = None
self._task = None
raise asyncio.TimeoutError
if self._timeout is not None and self._cancel_handler is not None:
self._cancel_handler.cancel()
self._cancel_handler = None
self._task = None
return None
def _cancel_task(self) -> None:
if self._task is not None:
self._task.cancel()
self._cancelled = True

@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
import sys
from typing import (
Any,
Awaitable,
Callable,
Dict,
Iterable,
Literal,
Optional,
Protocol,
Tuple,
Type,
TypedDict,
Union,
)
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import NotRequired
else:
from typing_extensions import NotRequired
__all__ = (
"ASGIVersions",
"HTTPScope",
"WebSocketScope",
"LifespanScope",
"WWWScope",
"Scope",
"HTTPRequestEvent",
"HTTPResponseStartEvent",
"HTTPResponseBodyEvent",
"HTTPResponseTrailersEvent",
"HTTPResponsePathsendEvent",
"HTTPServerPushEvent",
"HTTPDisconnectEvent",
"WebSocketConnectEvent",
"WebSocketAcceptEvent",
"WebSocketReceiveEvent",
"WebSocketSendEvent",
"WebSocketResponseStartEvent",
"WebSocketResponseBodyEvent",
"WebSocketDisconnectEvent",
"WebSocketCloseEvent",
"LifespanStartupEvent",
"LifespanShutdownEvent",
"LifespanStartupCompleteEvent",
"LifespanStartupFailedEvent",
"LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent",
"LifespanShutdownFailedEvent",
"ASGIReceiveEvent",
"ASGISendEvent",
"ASGIReceiveCallable",
"ASGISendCallable",
"ASGI2Protocol",
"ASGI2Application",
"ASGI3Application",
"ASGIApplication",
)
class ASGIVersions(TypedDict):
spec_version: str
version: Union[Literal["2.0"], Literal["3.0"]]
class HTTPScope(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http"]
asgi: ASGIVersions
http_version: str
method: str
scheme: str
path: str
raw_path: bytes
query_string: bytes
root_path: str
headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
client: Optional[Tuple[str, int]]
server: Optional[Tuple[str, Optional[int]]]
state: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Dict[object, object]]]
class WebSocketScope(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket"]
asgi: ASGIVersions
http_version: str
scheme: str
path: str
raw_path: bytes
query_string: bytes
root_path: str
headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
client: Optional[Tuple[str, int]]
server: Optional[Tuple[str, Optional[int]]]
subprotocols: Iterable[str]
state: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Dict[object, object]]]
class LifespanScope(TypedDict):
type: Literal["lifespan"]
asgi: ASGIVersions
state: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
WWWScope = Union[HTTPScope, WebSocketScope]
Scope = Union[HTTPScope, WebSocketScope, LifespanScope]
class HTTPRequestEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http.request"]
body: bytes
more_body: bool
class HTTPResponseDebugEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http.response.debug"]
info: Dict[str, object]
class HTTPResponseStartEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http.response.start"]
status: int
headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
trailers: bool
class HTTPResponseBodyEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http.response.body"]
body: bytes
more_body: bool
class HTTPResponseTrailersEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http.response.trailers"]
headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
more_trailers: bool
class HTTPResponsePathsendEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http.response.pathsend"]
path: str
class HTTPServerPushEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http.response.push"]
path: str
headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
class HTTPDisconnectEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["http.disconnect"]
class WebSocketConnectEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket.connect"]
class WebSocketAcceptEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket.accept"]
subprotocol: Optional[str]
headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
class WebSocketReceiveEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket.receive"]
bytes: Optional[bytes]
text: Optional[str]
class WebSocketSendEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket.send"]
bytes: Optional[bytes]
text: Optional[str]
class WebSocketResponseStartEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket.http.response.start"]
status: int
headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
class WebSocketResponseBodyEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket.http.response.body"]
body: bytes
more_body: bool
class WebSocketDisconnectEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket.disconnect"]
code: int
class WebSocketCloseEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["websocket.close"]
code: int
reason: Optional[str]
class LifespanStartupEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["lifespan.startup"]
class LifespanShutdownEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown"]
class LifespanStartupCompleteEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["lifespan.startup.complete"]
class LifespanStartupFailedEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["lifespan.startup.failed"]
message: str
class LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown.complete"]
class LifespanShutdownFailedEvent(TypedDict):
type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown.failed"]
message: str
ASGIReceiveEvent = Union[
HTTPRequestEvent,
HTTPDisconnectEvent,
WebSocketConnectEvent,
WebSocketReceiveEvent,
WebSocketDisconnectEvent,
LifespanStartupEvent,
LifespanShutdownEvent,
]
ASGISendEvent = Union[
HTTPResponseStartEvent,
HTTPResponseBodyEvent,
HTTPResponseTrailersEvent,
HTTPServerPushEvent,
HTTPDisconnectEvent,
WebSocketAcceptEvent,
WebSocketSendEvent,
WebSocketResponseStartEvent,
WebSocketResponseBodyEvent,
WebSocketCloseEvent,
LifespanStartupCompleteEvent,
LifespanStartupFailedEvent,
LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent,
LifespanShutdownFailedEvent,
]
ASGIReceiveCallable = Callable[[], Awaitable[ASGIReceiveEvent]]
ASGISendCallable = Callable[[ASGISendEvent], Awaitable[None]]
class ASGI2Protocol(Protocol):
def __init__(self, scope: Scope) -> None:
...
async def __call__(
self, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable
) -> None:
...
ASGI2Application = Type[ASGI2Protocol]
ASGI3Application = Callable[
[
Scope,
ASGIReceiveCallable,
ASGISendCallable,
],
Awaitable[None],
]
ASGIApplication = Union[ASGI2Application, ASGI3Application]

@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
from io import BytesIO
from tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile
from asgiref.sync import AsyncToSync, sync_to_async
class WsgiToAsgi:
"""
Wraps a WSGI application to make it into an ASGI application.
"""
def __init__(self, wsgi_application):
self.wsgi_application = wsgi_application
async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
"""
ASGI application instantiation point.
We return a new WsgiToAsgiInstance here with the WSGI app
and the scope, ready to respond when it is __call__ed.
"""
await WsgiToAsgiInstance(self.wsgi_application)(scope, receive, send)
class WsgiToAsgiInstance:
"""
Per-socket instance of a wrapped WSGI application
"""
def __init__(self, wsgi_application):
self.wsgi_application = wsgi_application
self.response_started = False
self.response_content_length = None
async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
if scope["type"] != "http":
raise ValueError("WSGI wrapper received a non-HTTP scope")
self.scope = scope
with SpooledTemporaryFile(max_size=65536) as body:
# Alright, wait for the http.request messages
while True:
message = await receive()
if message["type"] != "http.request":
raise ValueError("WSGI wrapper received a non-HTTP-request message")
body.write(message.get("body", b""))
if not message.get("more_body"):
break
body.seek(0)
# Wrap send so it can be called from the subthread
self.sync_send = AsyncToSync(send)
# Call the WSGI app
await self.run_wsgi_app(body)
def build_environ(self, scope, body):
"""
Builds a scope and request body into a WSGI environ object.
"""
script_name = scope.get("root_path", "").encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
path_info = scope["path"].encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
if path_info.startswith(script_name):
path_info = path_info[len(script_name) :]
environ = {
"REQUEST_METHOD": scope["method"],
"SCRIPT_NAME": script_name,
"PATH_INFO": path_info,
"QUERY_STRING": scope["query_string"].decode("ascii"),
"SERVER_PROTOCOL": "HTTP/%s" % scope["http_version"],
"wsgi.version": (1, 0),
"wsgi.url_scheme": scope.get("scheme", "http"),
"wsgi.input": body,
"wsgi.errors": BytesIO(),
"wsgi.multithread": True,
"wsgi.multiprocess": True,
"wsgi.run_once": False,
}
# Get server name and port - required in WSGI, not in ASGI
if "server" in scope:
environ["SERVER_NAME"] = scope["server"][0]
environ["SERVER_PORT"] = str(scope["server"][1])
else:
environ["SERVER_NAME"] = "localhost"
environ["SERVER_PORT"] = "80"
if scope.get("client") is not None:
environ["REMOTE_ADDR"] = scope["client"][0]
# Go through headers and make them into environ entries
for name, value in self.scope.get("headers", []):
name = name.decode("latin1")
if name == "content-length":
corrected_name = "CONTENT_LENGTH"
elif name == "content-type":
corrected_name = "CONTENT_TYPE"
else:
corrected_name = "HTTP_%s" % name.upper().replace("-", "_")
# HTTPbis say only ASCII chars are allowed in headers, but we latin1 just in case
value = value.decode("latin1")
if corrected_name in environ:
value = environ[corrected_name] + "," + value
environ[corrected_name] = value
return environ
def start_response(self, status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
"""
WSGI start_response callable.
"""
# Don't allow re-calling once response has begun
if self.response_started:
raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
# Don't allow re-calling without exc_info
if hasattr(self, "response_start") and exc_info is None:
raise ValueError(
"You cannot call start_response a second time without exc_info"
)
# Extract status code
status_code, _ = status.split(" ", 1)
status_code = int(status_code)
# Extract headers
headers = [
(name.lower().encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii"))
for name, value in response_headers
]
# Extract content-length
self.response_content_length = None
for name, value in response_headers:
if name.lower() == "content-length":
self.response_content_length = int(value)
# Build and send response start message.
self.response_start = {
"type": "http.response.start",
"status": status_code,
"headers": headers,
}
@sync_to_async
def run_wsgi_app(self, body):
"""
Called in a subthread to run the WSGI app. We encapsulate like
this so that the start_response callable is called in the same thread.
"""
# Translate the scope and incoming request body into a WSGI environ
environ = self.build_environ(self.scope, body)
# Run the WSGI app
bytes_sent = 0
for output in self.wsgi_application(environ, self.start_response):
# If this is the first response, include the response headers
if not self.response_started:
self.response_started = True
self.sync_send(self.response_start)
# If the application supplies a Content-Length header
if self.response_content_length is not None:
# The server should not transmit more bytes to the client than the header allows
bytes_allowed = self.response_content_length - bytes_sent
if len(output) > bytes_allowed:
output = output[:bytes_allowed]
self.sync_send(
{"type": "http.response.body", "body": output, "more_body": True}
)
bytes_sent += len(output)
# The server should stop iterating over the response when enough data has been sent
if bytes_sent == self.response_content_length:
break
# Close connection
if not self.response_started:
self.response_started = True
self.sync_send(self.response_start)
self.sync_send({"type": "http.response.body"})

@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE
==========================
Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands
as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's
principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.
In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us)
in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the
software.
In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same
year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope
Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software
Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a
non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related
Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of
the PSF.
All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for
the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python
releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes
the various releases.
Release Derived Year Owner GPL-
from compatible? (1)
0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes
1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes
1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no
2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no
1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2)
2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no
2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes
2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes
2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes
2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes
2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes
2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes
2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes
2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes
2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes
2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes
2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes
2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes
2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes
2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes
2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes
2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes
2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes
2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes
2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes
2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes
2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes
2.5.2 2.5.1 2008 PSF yes
2.5.3 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes
2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes
2.6.1 2.6 2008 PSF yes
2.6.2 2.6.1 2009 PSF yes
2.6.3 2.6.2 2009 PSF yes
2.6.4 2.6.3 2009 PSF yes
2.6.5 2.6.4 2010 PSF yes
3.0 2.6 2008 PSF yes
3.0.1 3.0 2009 PSF yes
3.1 3.0.1 2009 PSF yes
3.1.1 3.1 2009 PSF yes
3.1.2 3.1 2010 PSF yes
3.2 3.1 2010 PSF yes
Footnotes:
(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under
the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute
a modified version without making your changes open source. The
GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with
other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.
(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,
because its license has a choice of law clause. According to
CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1
is "not incompatible" with the GPL.
Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
direction to make these releases possible.
B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
===============================================================
PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2
--------------------------------------------
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and
its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version,
provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright,
i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or
in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make
the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
the changes made to Python.
4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON,
OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
breach of its terms and conditions.
7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any
relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and
Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF
trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote
products or services of Licensee, or any third party.
8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee
agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
Agreement.
BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0
-------------------------------------------
BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an
office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the
Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using
this software in source or binary form and its associated
documentation ("the Software").
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License
Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive,
royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform
and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and
otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,
provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the
Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE
SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS
AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY
DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
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@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: distlib
Version: 0.3.8
Summary: Distribution utilities
Home-page: https://github.com/pypa/distlib
Author: Vinay Sajip
Author-email: vinay_sajip@red-dove.com
License: PSF-2.0
Project-URL: Documentation, https://distlib.readthedocs.io/
Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pypa/distlib
Project-URL: Tracker, https://github.com/pypa/distlib/issues
Platform: any
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Console
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Python Software Foundation License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
License-File: LICENSE.txt
|badge1| |badge2|
.. |badge1| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pypa/distlib/package-tests.yml
:alt: GitHub Workflow Status (with event)
.. |badge2| image:: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/pypa/distlib
:target: https://app.codecov.io/gh/pypa/distlib
:alt: GitHub coverage status
What is it?
-----------
Distlib is a library which implements low-level functions that relate to
packaging and distribution of Python software. It is intended to be used as the
basis for third-party packaging tools. The documentation is available at
https://distlib.readthedocs.io/
Main features
-------------
Distlib currently offers the following features:
* The package ``distlib.database``, which implements a database of installed
distributions, as defined by :pep:`376`, and distribution dependency graph
logic. Support is also provided for non-installed distributions (i.e.
distributions registered with metadata on an index like PyPI), including
the ability to scan for dependencies and building dependency graphs.
* The package ``distlib.index``, which implements an interface to perform
operations on an index, such as registering a project, uploading a
distribution or uploading documentation. Support is included for verifying
SSL connections (with domain matching) and signing/verifying packages using
GnuPG.
* The package ``distlib.metadata``, which implements distribution metadata as
defined by :pep:`643`, :pep:`566`, :pep:`345`, :pep:`314` and :pep:`241`.
* The package ``distlib.markers``, which implements environment markers as
defined by :pep:`508`.
* The package ``distlib.manifest``, which implements lists of files used
in packaging source distributions.
* The package ``distlib.locators``, which allows finding distributions, whether
on PyPI (XML-RPC or via the "simple" interface), local directories or some
other source.
* The package ``distlib.resources``, which allows access to data files stored
in Python packages, both in the file system and in .zip files.
* The package ``distlib.scripts``, which allows installing of scripts with
adjustment of shebang lines and support for native Windows executable
launchers.
* The package ``distlib.version``, which implements version specifiers as
defined by :pep:`440`, but also support for working with "legacy" versions and
semantic versions.
* The package ``distlib.wheel``, which provides support for building and
installing from the Wheel format for binary distributions (see :pep:`427`).
* The package ``distlib.util``, which contains miscellaneous functions and
classes which are useful in packaging, but which do not fit neatly into
one of the other packages in ``distlib``.* The package implements enhanced
globbing functionality such as the ability to use ``**`` in patterns to
specify recursing into subdirectories.
Python version and platform compatibility
-----------------------------------------
Distlib is intended to be used on and is tested on Python versions 2.7 and 3.6 or later,
pypy-2.7 and pypy3 on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
Project status
--------------
The project has reached a mature status in its development: there is a comprehensive
test suite and it has been exercised on Windows, Ubuntu and macOS. The project is used
by well-known projects such as `pip <https://pypi.org/pypi/pip>`_ and `caniusepython3
<https://pypi.org/pypi/caniusepython3>`_.
This project was migrated from Mercurial to Git and from BitBucket to GitHub, and
although all information of importance has been retained across the migration, some
commit references in issues and issue comments may have become invalid.
Code of Conduct
---------------
Everyone interacting in the distlib project's codebases, issue trackers, chat
rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the `PyPA Code of Conduct`_.
.. _PyPA Code of Conduct: https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/code-of-conduct/

@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.37.1)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py2-none-any
Tag: py3-none-any

@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
#
import logging
__version__ = '0.3.8'
class DistlibException(Exception):
pass
try:
from logging import NullHandler
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
def handle(self, record):
pass
def emit(self, record):
pass
def createLock(self):
self.lock = None
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.addHandler(NullHandler())

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