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[website] delete dead pages

Browse Source 
Summary:
These pages are not referenced from anywhere and are stale, oops! We
even linked to checker-bug-types from our footer on all pages... These
pages are stale and replaced with auto-generated ones now.

Reviewed By: skcho

Differential Revision: D26544298

fbshipit-source-id: c3b7742b8
master
Jules Villard 4 years ago committed by Facebook GitHub Bot
parent e8dc75f92a
commit 620f6f53ea
7 changed files with 1 additions and 2931 deletions
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---
id: eradicate-warnings
title: Eradicate warnings
---
Below you will find a description of all the warnings reported by
[Eradicate](/docs/eradicate).
## Eradicate null field access
A field access of the form x.field where x could be null.
Example:
```java
class C {
void foo(@Nullable C x) {
x.field = 3;
}
}
```
Action: Make sure that x cannot be null by changing the code or changing
annotations. If this cannot be done, the only choice is to use defensive
programming: if (x != null) { ... x.field ... } else { ... you need to decide
what to do when x is null ... } The general recommendation is to push null
checks up the call chain as much as possible in order to detect the place where
null values originate and deal with them at that point. When a null value is
propagated down the call chain it is often difficult to determine its origin
without global knowledge of what the program does. For example, a null value
could originate in third party libraries which are not under your control, and
the best place to check for null is typically immediately after calling these
library functions.
## Eradicate null method call
A method call x.m(...) where x could be null.
Example:
```java
class C {
void foo(@Nullable C x) {
String s = x.toString();
}
}
```
Action: Same as for Null field access.
## Eradicate field not nullable
An assignment x.f = v where v could be null and field f is not annotated with
@Nullable.
Example:
```java
class C {
String f;
void foo(@Nullable String s) {
f = s;
}
}
```
Action: The preferred action is to ensure that a null value is never stored in
the field, by changing the code or changing annotations. If this cannot be done,
add a @Nullable annotation to the field. This annotation might trigger more
warnings in other code that uses the field, as that code must now deal with null
values.
## Eradicate field not initialized
The constructor does not initialize a field f which is not annotated with
@Nullable
Example:
```java
class C {
String f;
C () { // field f not initialized and not annotated @Nullable
}
}
```
Action: The preferred action is to initialize the field with a value that is not
null. If, by design, null is a valid value for the field, then it should be
annotated with @Nullable.
## Eradicate parameter not nullable
Method call x.m(..., v, ...) where v can be null and the corresponding parameter
in method m is not annotated with @Nullable
Example:
```java
class C {
void m(C x) {
String s = x.toString()
}
void test(@Nullable C x) {
m(x);
}
}
```
Action: The preferred action is to ensure that a null value is never passed to
the method, by changing the code or changing annotations. If this cannot be
done, add a @Nullable annotation to the relevant parameter in the method
declaration. This annotation might trigger more warnings in the implementation
of method m, as that code must now deal with null values.
## Eradicate return not nullable
Method m can return null, but the method's return type is not annotated with
@Nullable
Example:
```java
class C {
String m() {
return null;
}
}
```
Action: The preferred action is to ensure that a null value is never returned by
the method, by changing the code or changing annotations. If this cannot be
done, add a @Nullable annotation to the the method declaration. This annotation
might trigger more warnings in the callers of method m, as the callers must now
deal with null values.
## Eradicate condition redundant
This report is inactive by default. Condition (x != null) or (x == null) when x
cannot be null: the first condition is always true and the second is always
false
Example:
```java
class C {
void m() {
String s = new String("abc");
if (s != null) {
int n = s.length();
}
}
}
```
Action: Make sure that the annotations are correct, as the condition is
considered redundant based on the existing annotations. In particular, check the
annotation of any input parameters and fields of the current method, as well as
the annotations of any method called directly by the current method, if
relevant. If the annotations are correct, you can remove the redundant case.
## Eradicate return overannotated
This report is inactive by default. Method m is annotated with @Nullable but the
method cannot return null
Example:
```java
class C {
@Nullable String m() {
String s = new String("abc");
return s;
}
}
```
Action: Make sure that the annotations are correct, as the return annotation is
considered redundant based on the existing annotations. In particular, check the
annotation of any input parameters and fields of the current method, as well as
the annotations of any method called directly by the current method, if
relevant. If the annotations are correct, you can remove the @Nullable
annotation.
## Eradicate inconsistent subclass return annotation
The return type of the overridden method is annotated @Nullable, but the
corresponding method in the superclass is not.
Action: choose a consistent annotation based on the desired invariant.
Example:
```java
class A {
String create() {
return new String("abc");
}
}
class B extends A {
@Nullable String create() { // Inconsistent @Nullable annotation.
return null;
}
}
```
A consistent use of @Nullable on the return type across subtyping should prevent
runtime issue like in:
```java
class Main {
int foo(A a) {
String s = a.create();
return s.length();
}
void main(String[] args) {
A a = new B();
foo(a);
}
}
```
## Inconsistent subclass parameter annotation
A parameter of the overridden method is missing a @Nullable annotation present in the superclass.
Action: choose a consistent annotation based on the desired invariant.
Example:
```java
class A {
int len(@Nullable String s) {
if (s != null) {
return s.length();
} else {
return 0;
}
}
}
class B extends A {
int len(String s) { // @Nullable missing.
return s.length();
}
}
```
A consistent use of @Nullable on parameters across subtyping should prevent runtime issue like in:
```java
public class Main {
String s;
int foo() {
A a = new B();
return a.len(s);
}
}
```

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website/docs/03-linter-bug-types.md
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---
id: linters-bug-types
title: Linters bug types
---
Here is an overview of the linter checks we provide in Infer:
## Assign pointer warning
This check fires when a pointer to an Obj-C object is tagged with an `assign`
property (similar to the `-Warc-unsafe-retained-assign` compiler flag). Not
holding a strong reference to the object makes it easy to accidentally create
and use a dangling pointer.
## Bad pointer comparison
Infer reports these warnings in Objective-C when a boxed primitive type such as
`NSNumber *` is coerced to a boolean in a comparison. For example, consider the
code
```objectivec
void foo(NSNumber * n) {
if (n) ...
```
The branch in the above code will be taken when the pointer `n` is non-`nil`,
but the programmer might have actually wanted the branch to be taken when the
integer pointed to by `n` is nonzero (e.g., she may have meant to call an
accessor like `[n intValue]` instead). Infer will ask the programmer explicitly
compare `n` to `nil` or call an accessor to clarify her intention.
## C++ reference captured in Objective-C block
With this check, Infer detects C++ references captured in a block. Doing this is
almost always wrong. The reason is that C++ references are not managed pointers
(like ARC pointers) and so the referent is likely to be gone by the time the
block gets executed. One solution is to do a local copy of the reference and
pass that to the block. Example:
```c
(int &) v;
...
const int copied_v = v;
^{
// use copied_v not v
};
```
## Direct atomic property access
This check warns you when you are accessing an atomic property directly with an
ivar. This makes the atomic property not atomic anymore. So potentially you may
get a race condition.
To fix the problem you need to access properties with their getter or setter.
## Global variable initialized with function or method call
This checker warns you when the initialization of global variable contain a
method or function call. The warning wants to make you aware that some functions
are expensive. As the global variables are initialized before main() is called,
these initializations can slow down the start-up time of an app.
## Registered observer being deallocated
Objects register with a notification center to receive notifications. This check
warns you when an object is registered as observer of a NSNotificationCenter but
it is never unregistered. This is problematic as if the object is not
unregistered the notification center can still send notification even after the
object has been deallocated. In that case we would get a crash.
## Strong delegate warning
This check warns you when you have a property called delegate or variations
thereof which is declared strong. The idea is that delegates should generally be
weak, otherwise this may cause retain cycles.
## Unavailable api in supported ios sdk
This checks warns you when you are using an API (constant, method call, etc.)
that is only defined in a version higher than the version that you support. To
enable this check, pass to Infer the option
`--iphoneos-target-sdk-version version`. Calling an undefined API will lead to a
crash in the app. To fix this, you can choose a different API or use it inside
an if, as in:
```objectivec
if ([UIFont respondsToSelector:@selector(systemFontOfSize:weight:)]) {
font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:size weight:0];
}
```
or
```objectivec
if (kCFCoreFoundationVersionNumber >= kCFCoreFoundationVersionNumber_iOS_9_0) {
font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:size weight:0];
}
```
## Pointer To const Objective-C Class
In Objective-C, `const Class *` represents a mutable pointer pointing to an
Objective-C class where the ivars cannot be changed. More useful is
`Class *const` instead, meaning the destination of the pointer cannot be
changed.
## Objective-C Weak Property has Custom Setter
This check warns you when you have a custom setter for a weak property. When
compiled with Automatic Reference Counting (ARC, `-fobj-arc`) ARC may set the
property to `nil` without invoking the setter, for example:
```objectivec
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Employee : NSObject {
NSString* _name;
__weak Employee* _manager;
}
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name;
@property(atomic, weak) Employee* manager;
-(void)report;
@end
@implementation Employee
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name {
_name = name;
return self;
}
-(NSString*)description {
return _name;
}
-(void)report {
NSLog(@"I work for %@", _manager);
}
-(Employee*)manager {
return _manager;
}
// DON'T do this; ARC will not call this when setting _manager to nil.
-(void)setManager:(Employee*)newManager {
NSLog(@"Meet the new boss...");
_manager = newManager;
}
@end
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Employee* bob = [[Employee alloc] initWithName:@"Bob"];
Employee* sue = [[Employee alloc] initWithName:@"Sue"];
bob.manager = sue;
[bob report];
sue = nil;
[bob report];
return 0;
}
```
This prints:
```
Meet the new boss...
I work for Sue
I work for (null)
```
Note that the custom setter was only invoked once.
## Component factory function
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/break-out-composites)
## Component initializer with side effects
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/no-side-effects)
## Component with multiple factory methods
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/avoid-overrides)
## Component with unconventional superclass
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/never-subclass-components)
## Mutable local variable in component file
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/avoid-local-variables)

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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ module.exports = {
{ label: "Quick Start", to: "docs/getting-started" },
{ label: "User Guide", to: "docs/infer-workflow" },
{ label: "Foundations", to: "docs/about-Infer" },
{ label: "Bug Types Reference", to: "docs/checkers-bug-types" },
{ label: "Bug Types Reference", to: "docs/all-issue-types" },
{ label: "Contribute", to: "docs/absint-framework" },
],
},

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---
id: eradicate-warnings
title: Eradicate warnings
---
Below you will find a description of all the warnings reported by
[Eradicate](/docs/eradicate).
## Eradicate null field access
A field access of the form x.field where x could be null.
Example:
```java
class C {
void foo(@Nullable C x) {
x.field = 3;
}
}
```
Action: Make sure that x cannot be null by changing the code or changing
annotations. If this cannot be done, the only choice is to use defensive
programming: if (x != null) { ... x.field ... } else { ... you need to decide
what to do when x is null ... } The general recommendation is to push null
checks up the call chain as much as possible in order to detect the place where
null values originate and deal with them at that point. When a null value is
propagated down the call chain it is often difficult to determine its origin
without global knowledge of what the program does. For example, a null value
could originate in third party libraries which are not under your control, and
the best place to check for null is typically immediately after calling these
library functions.
## Eradicate null method call
A method call x.m(...) where x could be null.
Example:
```java
class C {
void foo(@Nullable C x) {
String s = x.toString();
}
}
```
Action: Same as for Null field access.
## Eradicate field not nullable
An assignment x.f = v where v could be null and field f is not annotated with
@Nullable.
Example:
```java
class C {
String f;
void foo(@Nullable String s) {
f = s;
}
}
```
Action: The preferred action is to ensure that a null value is never stored in
the field, by changing the code or changing annotations. If this cannot be done,
add a @Nullable annotation to the field. This annotation might trigger more
warnings in other code that uses the field, as that code must now deal with null
values.
## Eradicate field not initialized
The constructor does not initialize a field f which is not annotated with
@Nullable
Example:
```java
class C {
String f;
C () { // field f not initialized and not annotated @Nullable
}
}
```
Action: The preferred action is to initialize the field with a value that is not
null. If, by design, null is a valid value for the field, then it should be
annotated with @Nullable.
## Eradicate parameter not nullable
Method call x.m(..., v, ...) where v can be null and the corresponding parameter
in method m is not annotated with @Nullable
Example:
```java
class C {
void m(C x) {
String s = x.toString()
}
void test(@Nullable C x) {
m(x);
}
}
```
Action: The preferred action is to ensure that a null value is never passed to
the method, by changing the code or changing annotations. If this cannot be
done, add a @Nullable annotation to the relevant parameter in the method
declaration. This annotation might trigger more warnings in the implementation
of method m, as that code must now deal with null values.
## Eradicate return not nullable
Method m can return null, but the method's return type is not annotated with
@Nullable
Example:
```java
class C {
String m() {
return null;
}
}
```
Action: The preferred action is to ensure that a null value is never returned by
the method, by changing the code or changing annotations. If this cannot be
done, add a @Nullable annotation to the the method declaration. This annotation
might trigger more warnings in the callers of method m, as the callers must now
deal with null values.
## Eradicate condition redundant
This report is inactive by default. Condition (x != null) or (x == null) when x
cannot be null: the first condition is always true and the second is always
false
Example:
```java
class C {
void m() {
String s = new String("abc");
if (s != null) {
int n = s.length();
}
}
}
```
Action: Make sure that the annotations are correct, as the condition is
considered redundant based on the existing annotations. In particular, check the
annotation of any input parameters and fields of the current method, as well as
the annotations of any method called directly by the current method, if
relevant. If the annotations are correct, you can remove the redundant case.
## Eradicate return overannotated
This report is inactive by default. Method m is annotated with @Nullable but the
method cannot return null
Example:
```java
class C {
@Nullable String m() {
String s = new String("abc");
return s;
}
}
```
Action: Make sure that the annotations are correct, as the return annotation is
considered redundant based on the existing annotations. In particular, check the
annotation of any input parameters and fields of the current method, as well as
the annotations of any method called directly by the current method, if
relevant. If the annotations are correct, you can remove the @Nullable
annotation.
## Eradicate inconsistent subclass return annotation
The return type of the overridden method is annotated @Nullable, but the
corresponding method in the superclass is not.
Action: choose a consistent annotation based on the desired invariant.
Example:
```java
class A {
String create() {
return new String("abc");
}
}
class B extends A {
@Nullable String create() { // Inconsistent @Nullable annotation.
return null;
}
}
```
A consistent use of @Nullable on the return type across subtyping should prevent
runtime issue like in:
```java
class Main {
int foo(A a) {
String s = a.create();
return s.length();
}
void main(String[] args) {
A a = new B();
foo(a);
}
}
```
## Inconsistent subclass parameter annotation
A parameter of the overridden method is missing a @Nullable annotation present in the superclass.
Action: choose a consistent annotation based on the desired invariant.
Example:
```java
class A {
int len(@Nullable String s) {
if (s != null) {
return s.length();
} else {
return 0;
}
}
}
class B extends A {
int len(String s) { // @Nullable missing.
return s.length();
}
}
```
A consistent use of @Nullable on parameters across subtyping should prevent runtime issue like in:
```java
public class Main {
String s;
int foo() {
A a = new B();
return a.len(s);
}
}
```

193
website/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/03-linter-bug-types.md
Unescape View File

@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
---
id: linters-bug-types
title: Linters bug types
---
Here is an overview of the linter checks we provide in Infer:
## Assign pointer warning
This check fires when a pointer to an Obj-C object is tagged with an `assign`
property (similar to the `-Warc-unsafe-retained-assign` compiler flag). Not
holding a strong reference to the object makes it easy to accidentally create
and use a dangling pointer.
## Bad pointer comparison
Infer reports these warnings in Objective-C when a boxed primitive type such as
`NSNumber *` is coerced to a boolean in a comparison. For example, consider the
code
```objectivec
void foo(NSNumber * n) {
if (n) ...
```
The branch in the above code will be taken when the pointer `n` is non-`nil`,
but the programmer might have actually wanted the branch to be taken when the
integer pointed to by `n` is nonzero (e.g., she may have meant to call an
accessor like `[n intValue]` instead). Infer will ask the programmer explicitly
compare `n` to `nil` or call an accessor to clarify her intention.
## C++ reference captured in Objective-C block
With this check, Infer detects C++ references captured in a block. Doing this is
almost always wrong. The reason is that C++ references are not managed pointers
(like ARC pointers) and so the referent is likely to be gone by the time the
block gets executed. One solution is to do a local copy of the reference and
pass that to the block. Example:
```c
(int &) v;
...
const int copied_v = v;
^{
// use copied_v not v
};
```
## Direct atomic property access
This check warns you when you are accessing an atomic property directly with an
ivar. This makes the atomic property not atomic anymore. So potentially you may
get a race condition.
To fix the problem you need to access properties with their getter or setter.
## Global variable initialized with function or method call
This checker warns you when the initialization of global variable contain a
method or function call. The warning wants to make you aware that some functions
are expensive. As the global variables are initialized before main() is called,
these initializations can slow down the start-up time of an app.
## Registered observer being deallocated
Objects register with a notification center to receive notifications. This check
warns you when an object is registered as observer of a NSNotificationCenter but
it is never unregistered. This is problematic as if the object is not
unregistered the notification center can still send notification even after the
object has been deallocated. In that case we would get a crash.
## Strong delegate warning
This check warns you when you have a property called delegate or variations
thereof which is declared strong. The idea is that delegates should generally be
weak, otherwise this may cause retain cycles.
## Unavailable api in supported ios sdk
This checks warns you when you are using an API (constant, method call, etc.)
that is only defined in a version higher than the version that you support. To
enable this check, pass to Infer the option
`--iphoneos-target-sdk-version version`. Calling an undefined API will lead to a
crash in the app. To fix this, you can choose a different API or use it inside
an if, as in:
```objectivec
if ([UIFont respondsToSelector:@selector(systemFontOfSize:weight:)]) {
font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:size weight:0];
}
```
or
```objectivec
if (kCFCoreFoundationVersionNumber >= kCFCoreFoundationVersionNumber_iOS_9_0) {
font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:size weight:0];
}
```
## Pointer To const Objective-C Class
In Objective-C, `const Class *` represents a mutable pointer pointing to an
Objective-C class where the ivars cannot be changed. More useful is
`Class *const` instead, meaning the destination of the pointer cannot be
changed.
## Objective-C Weak Property has Custom Setter
This check warns you when you have a custom setter for a weak property. When
compiled with Automatic Reference Counting (ARC, `-fobj-arc`) ARC may set the
property to `nil` without invoking the setter, for example:
```objectivec
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Employee : NSObject {
NSString* _name;
__weak Employee* _manager;
}
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name;
@property(atomic, weak) Employee* manager;
-(void)report;
@end
@implementation Employee
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name {
_name = name;
return self;
}
-(NSString*)description {
return _name;
}
-(void)report {
NSLog(@"I work for %@", _manager);
}
-(Employee*)manager {
return _manager;
}
// DON'T do this; ARC will not call this when setting _manager to nil.
-(void)setManager:(Employee*)newManager {
NSLog(@"Meet the new boss...");
_manager = newManager;
}
@end
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Employee* bob = [[Employee alloc] initWithName:@"Bob"];
Employee* sue = [[Employee alloc] initWithName:@"Sue"];
bob.manager = sue;
[bob report];
sue = nil;
[bob report];
return 0;
}
```
This prints:
```
Meet the new boss...
I work for Sue
I work for (null)
```
Note that the custom setter was only invoked once.
## Component factory function
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/break-out-composites)
## Component initializer with side effects
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/no-side-effects)
## Component with multiple factory methods
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/avoid-overrides)
## Component with unconventional superclass
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/never-subclass-components)
## Mutable local variable in component file
[Doc in ComponentKit page](http://componentkit.org/docs/avoid-local-variables)
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