Summary:
Simplify all conversions between castable types to the identity. The
backend treats castable types as equal, so distinguishing conversions
between them is incomplete.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15972427
fbshipit-source-id: fa09859ac
Summary:
The entry block contains all locals of the entire function, as
required by the backend. This makes the manipulation of the locals of
each block redundant.
This diff moves the locals from the entry block to the function
itself, removes the Locals frames of the Control.Stack, and adds a
locals field to Return frames.
This is part cleanup and part preparation for removing the
Control.Stack.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15963503
fbshipit-source-id: 523ebc260
Summary:
Adds `-mergefunc` and `-dce` passes to `Frontend.translate` to match
the `buck link` flow with `opt`
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15938641
fbshipit-source-id: 128cb89cd
Summary:
The current handling of the formal return variable scope is not
correct. Since it is passed as an actual argument to the return
continuation, it is manipulated as if it was a local variable of the
caller. However, its scope is not ended with the caller's locals,
leading to clashes.
This diff reworks the passing of return values to avoid this problem,
mainly by introducing a notion of temporary variables during parameter
passing. This essentially has the effect of taking a function spec
{ P } f(x) { λv. Q }
and generating a "temporary" variable v, applying the post λv. Q to it
to obtain the pre-state for the call to the return continuation
k(v). Being a temporary variable just means that it goes out of scope
just after parameter passing. This amounts to a long-winded way of
applying the post-state to the formal parameter of the return
continuation without violating scopes or SSA.
This diff also separates the manipulation of the symbolic states as they
proceed from:
1. the pre-state before the return instruction;
2. the exit-state after the return instruction (including the binding
of the returned value to the return formal variable);
3. the post-state, where the locals are existentially quantified; and
4. the return-state, which is expressed in terms of actual args
instead of formal parameters.
Also in support of summarization, formal return and throw parameters
are no longer tracked on the analyzer's stack.
Note that these changes involve changing the locals of blocks and
functions to no longer include the formal parameters.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15912148
fbshipit-source-id: e41dd6e42
Summary:
The solver couldn't deal with `∃ a,b . a = b` , so this diff adds
a special case to deal with it.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15897953
fbshipit-source-id: d841d3557
Summary:
:
This patch adds several passes that reduce the amount of bitcode
making sledge's job easier, more info:
https://llvm.org/docs/Passes.html
`-mergefunc`
This pass merges functions that do the same thing, this can be because of
templating or casts (ie. same functionality but on 32bit and 64bit ints,
which is the same in machine code). More details at
http://llvm.org/docs/MergeFunctions.html
Note that this pass is currently not available through C/OCaml API.
`-constmerge`
This merges constants that have the same value, this is possible to do
when the constants are internalized.
`-argpromotion`
```
This pass promotes “by reference” arguments to be “by value” arguments.
In practice, this means looking for internal functions that have pointer
arguments. If it can prove, through the use of alias analysis, that an
argument is only loaded, then it can pass the value into the function
instead of the address of the value. This can cause recursive
simplification of code and lead to the elimination of allocas
(especially in C++ template code like the STL).
```
`-ipsccp`
```
Sparse conditional constant propagation and merging, which can be
summarized as:
Assumes values are constant unless proven otherwise
Assumes BasicBlocks are dead unless proven otherwise
Proves values to be constant, and replaces them with constants
Proves conditional branches to be unconditional
```
`-deadargelim`
Removes dead arguments of internal functions, good to run after other inter-procedural
passes. Seems to crash llvm if run directly after `ipsccp`.
Note that while this might look like doing full link-time optimisation,
we are actually picking relatively cheap optimisations that mostly look
at globals and walk their use chains. The main reason link-time
optimisations are expensive is due to inlining and then running the full
optimisation again from there.
Reviewed By: jberdine
Differential Revision: D15851408
fbshipit-source-id: be7191683
Summary:
This diff introduces a `-lib-fuzz` flag to `buck link`, which links in a
simple main that calls the LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput function, which is the
entry point of libFuzzer fuzzer.
Reviewed By: jberdine, jvillard
Differential Revision: D15821512
fbshipit-source-id: cff731ed3
Summary:
Previous change to allow bitcasts in call instructions was too strict
and did not allow for indirect calls.
Reviewed By: jberdine
Differential Revision: D15803262
fbshipit-source-id: 40d828b59
Summary:
Currently printing symbolic heaps is unreadable, because there are too
many quantified variables, that are mostly just equal to other
variables.
This diff tries to replace all variables in an equivalence class with a
single variable and remove the unneccesary variables.
It also introduces two modes for printing state domains:
`-t +State_domain.pp_full` prints the state domain as is
`-t +State_domain.pp` uses the simplification before printing.
Reviewed By: jberdine
Differential Revision: D15738748
fbshipit-source-id: 7c85b580e
Summary:
Print pre- and post- conditions (aka, summaries) when analyzer hits a
function return
- plumbing the precondition through the analyzer
so that it is available when return is hit
Reviewed By: jberdine
Differential Revision: D15713725
fbshipit-source-id: b10b6206f
Summary:
This diff adds a `__llair_alloc` intrinsic which is modeled
as a non-failing malloc. Using it instead of `malloc` increases
the readbility of symbolic heaps, because it removes all the cases
where malloc failed.
Note that `assert(malloc())` does not have the desired effect.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15778817
fbshipit-source-id: d02784077
Summary:
Some call instructions in LLVM bitcast the function,
for example
`%call = call i32 (i64, ...) bitcast (i32 (...)* @__llair_alloc to i32 (i64, ...)*)(i64 %conv)`
This would cause sledge to crash in LLVM when build with assertions.
Reviewed By: jberdine
Differential Revision: D15779003
fbshipit-source-id: c273f92db
Summary:
This diff adds a formal parameter to each non-void-returning function
to name the return value, and similarly a formal parameter for the
thrown exception value. These are interpreted as call-by-reference
parameters, so that they can be constrained in formulas to e.g. be
equal to the return value, and are still in scope when the function
returns, and so can be passed to the return block. Prior to
summarizing functions, this means that these formals need to be
tracked on the analyzer's control stack.
This will be needed to express function specs/summaries in terms of
formals, and fixes a bug where in some cases return values were not
tracked correctly.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15738026
fbshipit-source-id: fff2d107c
Summary:
Previously the locals of a function were computed after backpatching
the blocks in its cfg. This resulted in loss of sharing, and incorrect
locals if queried through the parent of a block.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15738027
fbshipit-source-id: d7e70530a
Summary:
Disable exceptional control flow
- treat throw as unreachable
- confidence in the correctness of the frontend's treatment of
exception handling is very low, and making summaries that are
expressive enough to talk about exceptions is a complication
that isn't needed for the first iteration
To facilitate, start on a struct that holds all the CL options.
Reviewed By: jberdine, jvillard
Differential Revision: D15713601
fbshipit-source-id: ee92dfbd8
Summary:
Sometimes calls to the `abort` C stdlib function appear as `invoke`
instructions in LLVM. They should be translated to the LLAIR abort
instruction just like the non-raising `call abort` case.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15706574
fbshipit-source-id: 1509ed0e3
Summary:
Most binary and ternary operations have the same type as their
arguments, so try to compute the type of arguments in these cases.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15706576
fbshipit-source-id: 4749d6e32
Summary:
When LLVM is built with assertions, it crash
`add_sym` if you try to get the global scope of a non global value.
This patch special cases add_sym, to just do nothing when `llv` is
an `UndefValue`.
Also enhances debuging printout of transalte to include the number of
functions and globals.
Reviewed By: jvillard
Differential Revision: D15669447
fbshipit-source-id: 4b5483810
Summary:
The entry point functions are used in a couple of places, this
puts them in a single source of truth in the config file.
Reviewed By: jvillard
Differential Revision: D15651976
fbshipit-source-id: a572e8d4d
Summary:
This adds a globalopt optimization pass to sledge.
Consider code like:
```
const char *a_string = "I'm a string";
int an_int = 0;
int c() {
return an_int;
}
int main() {
char *c1 = a_string;
return c();
}
```
When compiled there are 2 levels of indirection. For example
`return an_int` Get's compiled as
```
%0 = load i32, i32* an_int1
ret i32 %0
```
Global opt reduces this (if `an_int` is internal) to just
` ret i32 0`.
Similarly and more importantly
`c1 = a_string;` get's compiled into
```
@.str = private unnamed_addr constant [13 x i8] c"I'm a string\00"
a_string = dso_local global i8* getelementptr inbounds ([13 x i8], [13 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0)
%c1 = alloca i8*, align 8
%0 = load i8*, i8** a_string, align 8, !dbg !25
store i8* %0, i8** %c1, align 8, !dbg !24
```
So there is a level of indirection between `c1` and `.str` where the string is stored.
With global opt, this gets reduced to:
```
@.str = private unnamed_addr constant [13 x i8] c"I'm a string\00"
%c1 = alloca i8*, align 8
store i8* getelementptr inbounds ([13 x i8], [13 x i8]* @.str, i64 0, i64 0), i8** %c1, align 8, !dbg !23
```
and `a_string` variable gets deleted.
On sledge this has the effect of reducing the complexity of the symbolic heap significantly.
Without this optimisation, running
`sledge.dbg llvm analyze -trace Domain.call global_vars.bc`
Gives prints the following segments:
```
∧ %.str -[)-> ⟨13,{}⟩
* %a_string -[)-> ⟨8,%.str⟩
* %an_int -[)-> ⟨4,0⟩
* %c1 -[)-> ⟨8,%.str⟩
* %retval -[)-> ⟨4,0⟩
```
So there are `an_int` and `a_string` segments, which are redundant.
with the optimisation, the heap looks like:
`∧ %.str -[)-> ⟨13,{}⟩ * %c1 -[)-> ⟨8,%.str⟩ * %retval -[)-> ⟨4,0⟩`,
Where we only have the `.str` segment and the `c1` segment, which are the two we need.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15649195
fbshipit-source-id: 5f71e56e8
Summary:
Do not implicitly open `Trace`, which shadows `Import.fail`, and
degrades uncaught exceptions. Opening `Trace` was a mistake.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15653730
fbshipit-source-id: d65277af5
Summary:
Change command line interface to include buck and llvm integration as
separate subcommands.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15614567
fbshipit-source-id: b7618571b
Summary:
Use the new LLVM bindings to handle internalization.
We would like to use global dead code elimination (gdce) to remove all the code not reachable from an entry point. However in normal compilation most functions aren't globally dead (they can be linked to). At the point of running sledge we won't be linking anymore, therefore we can internalize (make invisible outside of the compilation unit) all the symbols. In that case the whole program is dead with respect to gdce, therefore we need to preserve the entry point as external.
Previously we could only preserve `main` as the entry point (through a boolean flag). This patch uses a newer API that lets us preserve functions that satisfy a given predicate function. This enables us to have arbitrary entry points (not just main). Currently only the 3 entry points from `src/control.ml` are used, but this patch makes it easy to change.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15561461
fbshipit-source-id: 88e054411
Summary:
LLVM.global_initializer casues a cast assertion failure if the value
passed to it is not a GlobalVariable. So we first check if it is a
GlobalVariable and only then ask for an initiliazer.
This is hidden if LLVM is built without assertions.
Reviewed By: jberdine
Differential Revision: D15601632
fbshipit-source-id: e9db23a12
Summary:
Sledge does not terminate on programs with recursion, because
functions get "infinitely inlined" and therefore recursion is not
treated as retreating edge.
This patch bounds the number of times the same function can "inlined"
to respect the bound (`-b` option). On each call we check the number of
occurances of the called function in the call stack. If that is higher
than the bound, we skip it.
Reviewed By: jvillard
Differential Revision: D15577134
fbshipit-source-id: 4cd3b62c6
Summary:
This diff changes the translation of global variables to translate the
initializer whenever it exists in LLVM, rather than relying on
linkage. Previously code such as
```
char *mutable_string = "hahaha";
```
would lead to LLVM code
```
nutritious_string = global i8* getelementptr inbounds ([7 x i8], [7 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), align 8, !dbg !0 ; [#uses=2 type=i8**]
```
in which `mutable_string` had `External` linkage according to
`Llvm.linkage` even though it has an initializer. This could cause
sledge to drop the initializer.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15577755
fbshipit-source-id: 50aa06c5e
Summary:
Global variables have pointer type. The size needed by the backend is
of the element type, not of the pointer itself. This diff corrects
this.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15577756
fbshipit-source-id: 948ecf3cd
Summary:
The root cause is not clear, but it seems that not calling
Llvm.dispose_context avoids segfaults in the GC.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15535434
fbshipit-source-id: 280e44d0b
Summary:
The name and loc tables are added-to almost exactly in sync, so
combine them to amortize the overhead.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15535435
fbshipit-source-id: 801da75bb
Summary:
Format is slow. Especially Format.sprintf, which has to allocate and
initialize a buffer every time.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15535437
fbshipit-source-id: ea43f44e1
Summary:
This isn't free and is expected to hold of bitcode produced by
clang/llvm. There are tests that fail verification, so keep it in
debug mode.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15535438
fbshipit-source-id: 9390a8363
Summary:
If the input file has a .bc or .ll suffix, treat it as a pre-linked
bitcode file. Otherwise, treat it as before, as a file containing a
list of bitcode files to be linked. Also, perform global dead-code
elimination only when linking multiple files.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15513345
fbshipit-source-id: 4c80ff9c3
Summary:
Change the sledge input format from a bitcode file to a newline
separated list of paths to LLVM bitcode files.
Reviewed By: jberdine
Differential Revision: D15470082
fbshipit-source-id: 8860f947c
Summary:
Llvm.string_of_llvalue, which just calls llvm::Value::print, is
extremely slow when called on instructions or functions. In these
cases, it initializes metadata slots for everything in the *parent
module* of the instruction or function being printed, on every
call. This is ridiculously slow, don't do it.
Reviewed By: kren1
Differential Revision: D15511376
fbshipit-source-id: 658eeccab
Summary:
Add shortcut code paths to return early in some cases guaranteed to be
the identity function.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15468704
fbshipit-source-id: f137049c6
Summary:
It is pointless to track membership of atomic exps in the congruence
relation, as they cannot have any subexps which might later become
equal to something else.
Reviewed By: jvillard
Differential Revision: D15424820
fbshipit-source-id: 048dbc9e1
Summary:
For some Exp forms, Exp.solve is not complete, and this is necessary
since the result of solve is a substitution that needs to encode the
input equation as a conjunction of equations each between a variable
and an exp. This is tantamount to, stronger even than, the theory
being convex. So Exp.solve is not complete for some exps, and some of
those have constructors that perform some simplification. For example,
`(1 ≠ 0)` simplifies to `-1` (i.e. true). To enable deductions such as
`((x ≠ 0) = b) && x = 1 |- b = -1` needs the equality solver to
substitute through subexps of simplifiable exps like = and ≠, as it
does for interpreted exps like + and ×. At the same time, since
Exp.solve for non-interpreted exps cannot be complete, to enable
deductions such as `((x ≠ 0) = (y ≠ 0)) && x = 1 |- y ≠ 0` needs the
equality solver to congruence-close over subexps of simplifiable exps
such as = and ≠, as it does for uninterpreted exps.
To strengthen the equality solver in these sorts of cases, this diff
adds a new class of exps for = and ≠, and revises the equality solver
to handle them in a hybrid fashion between interpreted and
uninterpreted.
I am not currently sure whether or not this breaks the termination
proof, but I have also not managed to adapt usual divergent cases to
break this. One notable point is that simplifying = and ≠ exps always
produces genuinely simpler and smaller exps, in contrast to
e.g. polynomial simplification and gaussian elimination.
Note that the real solution to this problem is likely to be to
eliminate the i1 type in favor or a genuine boolean type, and
translate all integer operations on i1 to boolean/logical ones. Then
the disjunction implicit in e.g. equations between disequations would
appear as actual disjunction, and could be dealt with as such.
Reviewed By: jvillard
Differential Revision: D15424823
fbshipit-source-id: 67d62df1f
Summary:
* Adds compilation of cxxabi.bc
* Includes the cxxabi.bc into the sledge executable via opam-crunch
* Links cxxabi.bc in sledge frontend
Reviewed By: jberdine
Differential Revision: D15415190
fbshipit-source-id: cc42f09fb
Summary:
There are two motivations for this:
1. Distinguish between `Unreachable`, which silently terminates
execution a la `assume false`; and `Abort`, which vocally
terminates execution a la `assert false`.
2. Distinguish between undefined functions, which have `Unreachable`
bodies, and bomb functions such as:
```
define void bomb() {
tail call void llvm.trap()
unreachable
}
```
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15408246
fbshipit-source-id: b64354cdb
Summary:
Require a final `()` argument to explicitly indicate the end of the
arguments to the printf-like functions. For `warn` this is not
any safer because the return type is `unit` anyhow, but for `fail` the
return type is polymorphic so the final `()` prevents unintentionally
forgetting an argument.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15403367
fbshipit-source-id: ce3fe4035
Summary:
llvm.trap is noreturn nounwind so calls to it are always succeeded by
Unreachable, therefore unless an alarm is desired for reaching it,
translating it as nop suffices.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15328302
fbshipit-source-id: 54efe6c21
Summary:
A previous rebase fumble sometimes led to the wrong arguments being
passed to retpolines of Invoke instructions.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15323950
fbshipit-source-id: f6eb6fbe2
Summary:
It is (now?) the case that `[%sexp_of: type_name]` generates just
`sexp_of_type_name`, rather than expanding `type_name` to its
definition and generating a conversion function for that. Hence, when
such cases appear within `let rec sexp_of_type_name`, they get
captured, sometimes leading to divergence.
This diff fixes this by manually expanding such types into their
definitions.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D15314736
fbshipit-source-id: 716fff7cc
Summary: There was a missing case for singleton monomials of degree > 1.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098810
fbshipit-source-id: e6d17d899
Summary:
Boolean Xor expressions are treated directly by the solver, so the 'no
new subexps' invariant for congruence closure is not needed.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098817
fbshipit-source-id: d118c5881
Summary: Shifting by too many bits is undefined, so do not normalize them.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098812
fbshipit-source-id: 96f4606d7
Summary:
When constructing division expressions from rational coefficients of
polynomials, the constant numerator and denominator should be clamped
to the number of bits in the result type.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098825
fbshipit-source-id: fa448c39a
Summary:
Some constants are used during Exp normalization, to encode
subtraction using addition, units of addition and multiplication,
etc. Previously these were unconditionally integers, but need to be
floats for float arithmetic.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098815
fbshipit-source-id: 13d1be142
Summary:
The frontend would implicitly assume there was (at least) one argument
to calls to operator new. If code declares operator new with the wrong
type, this can lead to crashing trying to access a missing arg.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098820
fbshipit-source-id: 539281a83
Summary: These relaxations are needed for some of the llvm test suite.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098813
fbshipit-source-id: 702d3ffd9
Summary:
Some globals have initializers which refer to the global
itself (e.g. for program counter relative offsets). Memoizing
translation of globals gives enough machinery to detect and handle
this situation.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098819
fbshipit-source-id: ecc9dce92
Summary:
In some cases there were extra metadata operands (such as alignment of
an alloc) which would cause the debug locations to not be recorded.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D15098816
fbshipit-source-id: a7e83f590
Summary:
When comparing stacks as part of a control-flow edge, treat each as a
code location in a hypothetical expansion of the program where all
non-recursive functions have been completely inlined. In particular,
this means to compare stacks as if all Locals frames or Return frames
for recursive calls had been removed. Additionally, the from_call info
in Return frames is ignored.
Reviewed By: jvillard
Differential Revision: D14657601
fbshipit-source-id: b8a42d3fa
Summary:
- Ensure that popping Throw or Return does not leave stale Throw or
Return frames
- Add a module for Control.stack
- Add invariant to enforce that a Throw frame can appear only
immediately above a Return frame
Reviewed By: jvillard
Differential Revision: D14547263
fbshipit-source-id: deb31b8af
Summary:
The backend does not generally interpret conditional expressions
specially. Therefore it is logically stronger to hoist them over other
boolean exps, for example normalizing
`e = (c ? t : f)` to `(c ? e = t : e =f)`
This enables the treatment of top-level conditional expressions in
terms of disjunction, conjunction and negation.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D14495815
fbshipit-source-id: 4f2e8053f
Summary:
Eq and Dq expressions are interpreted by Equality and Exp, rather than
being considered uninterpreted functions. Classifying them as
interpreted results in stronger Equality normalization.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D14495817
fbshipit-source-id: 44bb376c0
Summary: Also fix the spec for posix_memalign, and minor cleanup.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D14403648
fbshipit-source-id: 6b1cb3e3a
Summary:
The SL solver is currently not always able to append segments which
have been split symbolically, that is, at an internal point expressed
using a variable, rather than merely a constant.
Also, existential instantiation, that is, the choice of witnesses
during proof search, is currently sensitive to the order of
subformulas. This can lead to fragile incompleteness.
Reviewed By: mbouaziz
Differential Revision: D14481991
fbshipit-source-id: 80fe2f0a8
Summary:
Strengthen the Sh.seg constructor and Sh.is_false test to account for
the axiom that `null -[_;_)-> ⟨_,_⟩` is inconsistent.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D14481986
fbshipit-source-id: 7016e7451
Summary:
The dnf implementation dates to before nested existentials were
added. Updating it was overlooked, and it is just wrong.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D14481988
fbshipit-source-id: 9bba570f0
Summary:
P ∨ (∃x. Q ∨ R) could be simplified to (∃x. P ∨ Q ∨ R) and capture
occurrences of x in P.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D14481990
fbshipit-source-id: 92b474d59
Summary:
Also minor change to make strlen implementation syntactically closer
to spec.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D14403647
fbshipit-source-id: 48c771329
Summary:
This diff adds support in symbolic execution for calls to intrinsic
functions, to be used in lieu of adding a separate Llair instruction
for each intrinsic. This involves:
- adding skeleton support in Exec for symbolically execution an
intrinsic function call;
- exposing this in Domain;
- allowing symbolic execution of block terminators (e.g. function
call) to possibly fail; and
- generalizing Report for failing terminators.
Reviewed By: ngorogiannis
Differential Revision: D14403652
fbshipit-source-id: d86d9d1b8
Summary:
Some functions are translated directly to an expression, rather than a
function call. The llvm instructions for calling functions that may
and may not raise exceptions differ (Invoke and Call, resp.). This
diff adds support for the Invoke case.
Reviewed By: jvillard
Differential Revision: D14385596
fbshipit-source-id: 24458d960
Josh Berdine
Timotej Kapus