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.vscode/tasks.json vendored
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{
"tasks": [
{
"type": "cppbuild",
"label": "C/C++: gcc.exe 生成活动文件",
"command": "D:\\mingw64\\bin\\gcc.exe",
"args": [
"-fdiagnostics-color=always",
"-g",
"${file}",
"-o",
"${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
}
],
"version": "2.0.0"
}

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165
README.md
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本系统是程序设计与问题求解课程设计项目，是为教师提供管理班级成绩的工具，该系统可以实现的对学生的成绩进行增、删、改、查、信息保存和信息导入等基本功能，以及对学生成绩排序和分段的扩展功能，有利于对学生成绩管理。项目采用 C 语言编程实现，在 VS Code 集成开发环境（IDE）中用 GCC 进行编译。系统采用模块化设计，程序结构清晰，采用菜单驱动的命令行界面，操作便捷，能够用 CSV 格式读取和保存数据，通用性强，能够用图表展示数据，直观清楚。 本系统是程序设计与问题求解课程设计项目，是为教师提供管理班级成绩的工具，该系统可以实现的对学生的成绩进行增、删、改、查、信息保存和信息导入等基本功能，以及对学生成绩排序和分段的扩展功能，有利于对学生成绩管理。项目采用 C 语言编程实现，在 VS Code 集成开发环境（IDE）中用 GCC 进行编译。系统采用模块化设计，程序结构清晰，采用菜单驱动的命令行界面，操作便捷，能够用 CSV 格式读取和保存数据，通用性强，能够用图表展示数据，直观清楚。
下载地址：https://code.educoder.net/plebkff6w/text3 下载地址：https://code.educoder.net/plebkff6w/text3/tree
项目开发过程中采用 Kanban（看板）进行任务管理和分工协作，并使用 Git 对程序代码和文档进行版 项目开发过程中采用 Kanban（看板）进行任务管理和分工协作，并使用 Git 对程序代码和文档进行版
本管理。任务分工情况如下： 本管理。任务分工情况如下：
@ -16,25 +16,26 @@
| 任务 | 设计 | 开发 | 测试 | 文档 | | 任务 | 设计 | 开发 | 测试 | 文档 |
|---|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|---|
| C1-C3 菜单驱动的用户界面 | 董函铄 | 董函铄 | 胡煜男 | 董函铄 | | C1-C3 菜单驱动的用户界面 | 董函铄 | 董函铄 | 胡煜男 | 董函铄 |
| C4 添加学生信息及成绩 | 胡煜男 | 胡煜男 | 于博 | 胡煜男 | | C4 添加库存记录 | 胡煜男 | 胡煜男 | 于博 | 胡煜男 |
| C5: 查询学生信息及成绩 | 于博 | 于博 | 袁楷昊 | 于博 | | C5: 查询库存记录 | 于博 | 于博 | 袁楷昊 | 于博 |
| C6: 打印学生信息及成绩 | 袁楷昊 | 袁楷昊 | 董函铄 | 袁楷昊 | | C6: 打印库存列表 | 袁楷昊 | 袁楷昊 | 董函铄 | 袁楷昊 |
| C7: 修改学生信息及成绩 | 董函铄 | 董函铄 | 于博 | 董函铄 | | C7: 修改库存记录 | 董函铄 | 董函铄 | 于博 | 董函铄 |
| C8: 删除学生信息及成绩 | 胡煜男 | 胡煜男 | 袁楷昊 | 胡煜男| | C8: 删除库存记录 | 胡煜男 | 胡煜男 | 袁楷昊 | 胡煜男|
| C9: 学生信息及成绩记录排序 | 于博 | 于博 | 董函铄 | 于博 | | C9: 库存记录排序 | 于博 | 于博 | 董函铄 | 于博 |
| C10: 从文件中读取学生信息及成绩记录 | 袁楷昊 | 袁楷昊 | 胡煜男 | 袁楷昊 | | C10: 从文件中读取库存记录 | 袁楷昊 | 袁楷昊 | 胡煜男 | 袁楷昊 |
| C11: 将学生信息及成绩保存保存到文件 | 董函铄 | 于博 | 胡煜男 | 董函铄 | | C11: 将库存保存保存到文件 | 董函铄 | 于博 | 胡煜男 | 董函铄 |
| C12: 以图表方式显示学生信息及成绩 | 董函铄 | 袁楷昊 | 于博 | 胡煜男 | | C12: 以图表方式显示库存记录 | 董函铄 | 袁楷昊 | 于博 | 胡煜男 |
每个成员的工作量（百分比）： 每个成员的工作量（百分比）：
| 董函铄 | 胡煜男 | 于博 | 袁楷昊 | | 董函铄 | 胡煜男 | 于博 | 袁楷昊 |
|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|
| 30 | 20 | 30 | 20 | | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
## 关于实现学生成绩管理系统 ## 关于实现学生成绩管理系统
设计一个学生成绩管理系统，要求采用命令行菜单界面进行交互，具备读取、保存、打印、查询、修改、插入、删除和排序等基本功能，能够以表格和图表形式展示数据，采用 CSV 格式保存数据。 设计一个学生成绩管理系统，要求采用命令行菜单界面进行交互，具备读取、保存、打印、查询、修
改、插入、删除和排序等基本功能，能够以表格和图表形式展示数据，采用 CSV 格式保存数据。
系统的功能性需求： 系统的功能性需求：
@ -53,7 +54,7 @@
命令行中执行命令 ./app , 系统启动，显示提示信息，然后显示功能菜单，等待用户输入命令。 命令行中执行命令 ./app , 系统启动，显示提示信息，然后显示功能菜单，等待用户输入命令。
``` ```
学生成绩管理系统启动 库存管理系统启动
1 读取 | 2 保存 | 3 打印 | 4 查询 | 5 添加 1 读取 | 2 保存 | 3 打印 | 4 查询 | 5 添加
6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出 6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出
@ -61,6 +62,7 @@
请选择： 请选择：
``` ```
#### C2：显示命令菜单 #### C2：显示命令菜单
``` ```
@ -70,6 +72,8 @@
请选择： 请选择：
``` ```
#### C3: 退出程序 #### C3: 退出程序
选择菜单命令 `0`，再输入 `y` 确认，则退出程序。 选择菜单命令 `0`，再输入 `y` 确认，则退出程序。
@ -79,27 +83,26 @@
确定要退出吗？(Y/N): y 确定要退出吗？(Y/N): y
程序退出 程序退出
``` ```
#### C4: 添加库存记录
#### C4: 添加学生信息及成绩 选择菜单命令 `5`，提示输入学号，若该学生不存在，则继续输入学号、姓名、成绩，添加学号，并提示完成；若学号已存在，则提示学号已存在，并结束。
选择菜单命令 `3`，提示输入学号，若该学生不存在，则继续输入学号、姓名、成绩，添加学号，并提示完成；若学号已存在，则提示学号已存在，并结束。
``` ```
请选择：3 请选择：5
输入学号：102 输入学号：101
输入姓名：小米 输入姓名：小米
输入成绩：70 输入成绩：80
学生 102 已添加 学生 101 已添加
1 读取 | 2 保存 | 3 打印 | 4 查询 | 5 添加 1 读取 | 2 保存 | 3 打印 | 4 查询 | 5 添加
6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出 6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出
请选择：3 请选择：5
输入学号：102 输入学号：101
学号已存在. 学号已存在.
``` ```
#### C5: 查询学生信息及成绩 #### C5: 查询库存记录
选择菜单命令 `4`，提示输入学号，若该学号存在，则输出学号、姓名、成绩；否则提示学生不存在并结束。 选择菜单命令 `4`，提示输入学号，若该学号存在，则输出学号、姓名、成绩；否则提示学生不存在并结束。
@ -114,12 +117,12 @@
6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出 6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出
请选择：4 请选择：4
输入学号：101 输入学号：100
学号不存在. 学号不存在.
``` ```
#### C6: 打印学生信息及成绩 #### C6: 打印库存列表
选择菜单命令 `3`，打印 选择菜单命令 `3`，打印
@ -128,14 +131,14 @@
------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
| NUMBER | NAME | ON HAND | | NUMBER | NAME | ON HAND |
------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
| 101 | 小李 | 80 | | 101 | 小米 | 80 |
------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
``` ```
#### C7: 修改学生信息及成绩 #### C7: 修改库存记录
选择菜单命令 `7`，根据提示输入学号，若学号存在，则继续输入学号、姓名、成绩，并修改库存记录；否则，提示学号不存在并结束。 选择菜单命令 `6`，根据提示输入学号，若学号存在，则继续输入学号、姓名、成绩，并修改库存记录；否则，提示学号不存在并结束。
``` ```
请选择：7 请选择：7
@ -151,19 +154,18 @@
------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
| NUMBER | NAME | ON HAND | | NUMBER | NAME | ON HAND |
------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
| 104 | 小刘 | 96 | | 104 | 小刘 | 90 |
------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
1 读取 | 2 保存 | 3 打印 | 4 查询 | 5 添加 1 读取 | 2 保存 | 3 打印 | 4 查询 | 5 添加
6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出 6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出
请选择：7 请选择：6
输入学号：104 输入学号：100
学生不存在. 学生不存在.
``` ```
#### C8: 删除库存记录
#### C8: 删除学生信息及成绩
选择菜单命令 `7`，根据提示输入学号，若学号存在，则删除之；否则提示学号不存在并结束。 选择菜单命令 `7`，根据提示输入学号，若学号存在，则删除之；否则提示学号不存在并结束。
@ -190,7 +192,7 @@
``` ```
#### C9: 学生信息及成绩排序 #### C9: 库存记录排序
选择菜单命令 `8`，对学生按学号从小到大排序。 选择菜单命令 `8`，对学生按学号从小到大排序。
@ -223,14 +225,14 @@
``` ```
#### C10: 从文件中读取学生信息及成绩 #### C10: 从文件中读取库存记录
选择菜单命令 `1`，提示输入文件名，若文件存在，则打开文件读取 CSV 格式保存的所有库存记录；否则，若文件不存在，则给出错误信息并结束。 选择菜单命令 `1`，提示输入文件名，若文件存在，则打开文件读取 CSV 格式保存的所有库存记录；否则，若文件不存在，则给出错误信息并结束。
假设文件 `a.csv` 中，以 CSV （Comma-Separated Values）格式保存了如下记录： 假设文件 `a.csv` 中，以 CSV （Comma-Separated Values）格式保存了如下记录：
``` ```
103,小红,80 103,小圆,80
104,小光,100 104,小光,100
101,小米,80 101,小米,80
102,小明,70 102,小明,70
@ -251,7 +253,7 @@
------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
| NUMBER | NAME | ON HAND | | NUMBER | NAME | ON HAND |
------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
| 103 | 小红 | 80 | | 103 | 小圆 | 80 |
| 104 | 小光 | 100 | | 104 | 小光 | 100 |
| 101 | 小米 | 80 | | 101 | 小米 | 80 |
| 102 | 小明 | 70 | | 102 | 小明 | 70 |
@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ a: No such file or directory
``` ```
#### C11: 将学生信息及成绩保存到文件 #### C11: 将库存保存保存到文件
选择菜单命令 `2`，提示输入文件名，将所有库存记录以 CSV 格式保存到指定的文件中。 选择菜单命令 `2`，提示输入文件名，将所有库存记录以 CSV 格式保存到指定的文件中。
@ -279,14 +281,14 @@ a: No such file or directory
``` ```
#### C12: 以图表方式显示学生信息及成绩 #### C12: 以图表方式显示库存记录
选择菜单命令 `9`，以图表方式显示库存记录。 选择菜单命令 `9`，以图表方式显示库存记录。
``` ```
请选择：9 请选择：9
图表 图表
103 : 小红 | ******** (80) 103 : 小圆 | ******** (80)
104 : 小光 | ************ (100) 104 : 小光 | ************ (100)
101 : 小米 | ******************** (80) 101 : 小米 | ******************** (80)
102 : 小明 | ********** (70) 102 : 小明 | ********** (70)
@ -295,7 +297,6 @@ a: No such file or directory
6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出 6 修改 | 7 删除 | 8 排序 | 9 图表 | 0 退出
``` ```
## 概要设计 ## 概要设计
系统主要分为用户界面和数据处理两大模块。 系统主要分为用户界面和数据处理两大模块。
@ -304,7 +305,19 @@ a: No such file or directory
上述各模块通过主程序（main）进行调用，系统模块图如下。 上述各模块通过主程序（main）进行调用，系统模块图如下。
![1](./1.png)
各模块的主要功能如下： 各模块的主要功能如下：
@ -320,6 +333,7 @@ a: No such file or directory
显示菜单命令。 显示菜单命令。
## 详细设计 ## 详细设计
针对概要设计 针对概要设计
@ -341,17 +355,7 @@ Step 2.10: if c == CMD_SORT then 排序数据
Step 2.11: if c == CMD_MAKE then 显示图表 Step 2.11: if c == CMD_MAKE then 显示图表
Step 2.12: if c == CMD_QUIT then 退出 Step 2.12: if c == CMD_QUIT then 退出
![cc9d4a3c669029521483c666695b97e](./cc9d4a3c669029521483c666695b97e.png)
#### read_data
Step 1: 输入文件名
Step 2: 打开文件
Step 3: if 文件为空 then 结束
Step 4: else 读取文件
Step 5: 提示读取并记录
![mmm](./mmm.png)
#### save_data #### save_data
@ -361,20 +365,8 @@ Step 3: if 打开文件失败 then 提示打开文件失败并结束
Step 4: 将所有库存记录写入文件 Step 4: 将所有库存记录写入文件
Step 5: 关闭文件 Step 5: 关闭文件
![save](./save.png)
#### print_data
Step 1: 输出学号、姓名、成绩
![print](./print.png)
#### query_data
Step 1: 输入学生学号
Step 2: if学号不存在 then 提示学生不存在并结束
Step 3: else 学号存在 then 输出学号、姓名、成绩
![query](./query.png)
#### add_data #### add_data
Step 1: if 数据库满 then 提示数据库满并结束 Step 1: if 数据库满 then 提示数据库满并结束
@ -383,35 +375,56 @@ Step 3: if 学生已存在 then 提示学生已存在并结束
Step 4: 输入学生名字和成绩 Step 4: 输入学生名字和成绩
Step 5: 添加学生到数据 Step 5: 添加学生到数据
Step 6: 提示添加成功 Step 6: 提示添加成功
![add](./add.png)
#### query_data
Step 1: 输入学生学号
Step 2: if学号不存在 then 提示学生不存在并结束
Step 3: else 学号存在 then 输出学号、姓名、成绩
#### print_data
Step 1: 输出学号、姓名、成绩
#### update_data #### update_data
Step 1: 输入学号 Step 1: 输入学号
Step 2: if 不存在 then 提示学生不存在并结束 Step 2: if 不存在 then 提示学生不存在并结束
Step 3: else 输入学号、姓名、成绩 Step 3: else 输入学号、姓名、成绩
Step 4: 已更新 Step 4: 已更新
![update](./updata.png)
#### delete_data #### delete_data
Step 1: 输入学号 Step 1: 输入学号
Step 2: if 不存在 then 提示学生不存在并结束 Step 2: if 不存在 then 提示学生不存在并结束
Step 3: else 删除学生信息 Step 3: else 删除学生信息
Step 4: 提示删除成功 Step 4: 提示删除成功
![delete](./delete.png)
#### read_data
Step 1: 输入文件名
Step 2: 打开文件
Step 3: if 文件为空 then 结束
Step 4: else 读取文件
Step 5: 提示读取并记录
#### sort_data #### sort_data
Step 1: 读取文件 Step 1: 读取文件
Step 2: 进行排序 Step 2: 进行排序
Step 3: 提示排序已完成 Step 3: 提示排序已完成
![2](./2.png)
#### make_chart
Step 1: 读取文件
Step 2: 显示图表
![3](./3.png)
#### confirm
Step 1: 输出 确定要退出吗
Step 2: if 确认 then 退出
![14](./14.png)
#### make_chart
Step 1: 读取文件
Step 2: 显示图表

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#define NAME_LEN 31 #include <stdio.h>
#define MAX_PARTS 100 #include <stdlib.h>
//保存学生成绩信息的结构 #include <string.h>
struct students #define MAX_LEN 10 // 字符串最大长度
#define STU_NUM 30 // 最多的学生人数
#define COURSE_NUM 6 // 最多的考试科目数
typedef struct student
{ {
int number; long num; // 每个学生的学号
char name[NAME_LEN + 1]; char name[MAX_LEN]; // 每个学生的姓名
int score; float score[COURSE_NUM]; // 每个学生COURSE_NUM门功课的成绩
}; float sum; // 每个学生的总成绩
static struct students stu[MAX_PARTS]; float aver; // 每个学生的平均成绩
static int num_parts = 0; }STU;
#include <stdio.h> int Menu(void);
#include <stdlib.h> void ReadScore(STU stu[], int n, int m);
void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[], int n, int m);
//定义常量 void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[], int n, int m);
#define CMD_QUIT 0 void SortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int (*compare)(float a,float b));
#define CMD_QUERY 4 int Ascending(float a, float b);
#define CMD_INSERT 5 int Descending(float a, float b);
#define CMD_UPDATE 6 void SwapFloat(float *x, float *y);
#define CMD_DELETE 7 void SwapLong(long *x, long *y);
#define CMD_READ 1 void SwapChar(char x[], char y[]);
#define CMD_SAVE 2 void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m);
#define CMD_PRINT 3 void SortbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m);
#define CMD_SORT 8 void SearchbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m);
#define CMD_CHART 9 void SearchbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m);
// 菜单命令的编号 void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[], int n, int m);
void PrintScore(STU stu[], int n, int m);
// 函数声明 void WritetoFile(STU record[], int n, int m);
void init(void); void ReadfromFile(STU record[], int *n, int *m);
void quit(void);
void display_menu(void);
int make_choice(void);
void read_data(void); // 读取
void save_data(void); // 保存
void print_data(void); // 打印
void query_data(void); // 查询
void add_data(void); // 添加
void update_data(void); // 修改
void delete_data(void); // 删除
void sort_data(void); // 排序
void make_chart(void); // 图表
int confirm(const char *msg);
// 主程序
int main(void) int main(void)
{ {
init(); // 程序启动 char ch;
while (1) int n = 0, m = 0;
{ STU stu[STU_NUM];
display_menu(); printf("Input student number(n<%d):", STU_NUM);
int c = make_choice(); scanf("%d", &n);
switch (c) printf("Input course number(m<=%d):",COURSE_NUM);
{ scanf("%d", &m);
case CMD_QUERY: while (1)
query_data(); {
break; ch = Menu(); // 显示菜单，并读取用户输入
case CMD_INSERT: switch (ch)
add_data(); {
break; case 1:ReadScore(stu, n, m);
case CMD_UPDATE: break;
update_data(); case 2: AverSumofEveryCourse(stu, n, m);
break; break;
case CMD_DELETE: case 3: AverSumofEveryStudent(stu, n, m);
delete_data(); break;
break; case 4: SortbyScore(stu, n, m, Descending);
case CMD_READ: printf("\nSort in descending order by score:\n");
read_data(); PrintScore(stu, n, m);
break; break;
case CMD_SAVE: case 5: SortbyScore(stu, n, m, Ascending);
save_data(); printf("\nSort in ascending order by score:\n");
break; PrintScore(stu, n, m);
case CMD_PRINT: break;
print_data(); case 6: AsSortbyNum(stu, n, m);
break; printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n");
case CMD_SORT: PrintScore(stu, n, m);
sort_data(); break;
break; case 7: SortbyName(stu, n, m);
case CMD_CHART: printf("\nSort in dictionary order by name:\n");
make_chart(); PrintScore(stu, n, m);
break; break;
default: case 8: SearchbyNum(stu, n, m);
puts("命令错误，请重新选择"); break;
break; case 9: SearchbyName(stu, n, m);
case CMD_QUIT: break;
if (confirm("确定要退出吗？")) case 10: StatisticAnalysis(stu, n, m);
quit(); // 仅在确认后退出 break;
break; case 11:PrintScore(stu, n, m);
} break;
} case 12:WritetoFile(stu, n, m);
return 0; break;
case 13:ReadfromFile(stu, &n, &m);
break;
case 0: printf("End of program!");
exit(0);
default:printf("Input error!");
}
}
return 0;}
// 函数功能：显示菜单并获得用户键盘输入的选项
int Menu(void)
{
int itemSelected;
printf("Management for Students' scores\n");
printf("1.Input record\n");
printf("2.Calculate total and average score of every course\n");
printf("3.Calculate total and average score of every student\n");
printf("4.Sort in descending order by score\n");
printf("5.Sort in ascending order by score\n");
printf("6.Sort in ascending order by number\n");
printf("7.Sort in dictionary order by name\n");
printf("8.Search by number\n");
printf("9.Search by name\n");
printf("10.Statistic analysis\n");
printf("11.List record\n");
printf("12.Write to a file\n");
printf("13.Read from a file\n");
printf("0.Exit\n");
printf("Please Input your choice:");
scanf("%d", &itemSelected); // 读入用户输入
return itemSelected;
} }
// 函数功能：输入n个学生的m门课成绩
void ReadScore(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{
int i, j;
printf("Input student's ID, name and score:\n");
/* ---------- begain ---------- */
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{scanf("%ld%s",&stu[i].num,stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
scanf("%f",&stu[i].score[j]);
}
// 函数定义 /* ----------- end ----------- */
void init(void) }
// 函数功能：计算每个学生各门课程的总分和平均分
void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
puts("程序启动"); int i, j;
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
stu[i].sum = 0;
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{
stu[i].sum = stu[i].sum + stu[i].score[j];
}
stu[i].aver = m>0 ? stu[i].sum / m : -1;
printf("student %d: sum = %.0f, aver = %.0f\n",
i+1, stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
}
} }
void quit(void) // 函数功能：计算每门课程的总分和平均分
void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
puts("程序退出"); int i, j;
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); float sum[COURSE_NUM], aver[COURSE_NUM];
/* ---------- begain ---------- */
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{
sum[j] = 0;
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
sum[j] += stu[i].score[j];
}
aver[j]=sum[j]/i;
printf("student %d: sum = %.0f, aver = %.0f\n",
j+1, sum[j], aver[j]);
}
/* ----------- end ----------- */
} }
void display_menu(void) // 函数功能：按选择法将数组sum的元素值排序
void SortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int (*compare)(float a,float b))
{ {
printf("\n%d 读取 | %d 保存 | %d 打印 | %d 查询 | %d 添加\n%d 修改 | %d 删除 | %d 排序 | %d 图表 | %d 退出\n\n", CMD_READ, CMD_SAVE, CMD_PRINT, CMD_QUERY, CMD_INSERT, CMD_UPDATE, CMD_DELETE, CMD_SORT, CMD_CHART, CMD_QUIT); int i, j, k, t;
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
{
k = i;
for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if ((*compare)(stu[j].sum, stu[k].sum)) k = j;
}
if (k != i)
{
for (t=0; t<m; t++) // 交换m门课程的成绩
{
SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]);
}
SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); // 交换总分
SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); // 交换平均分
SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); // 交换学号
SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); // 交换姓名
}
}
} }
int make_choice(void) // 使数据按升序排序
int Ascending(float a, float b)
{ {
int c; // 用户输入 return a < b; // 这样比较决定了按升序排序，如果a<b，则交换
int n = 0; // 正确读入的数据项个数
while (n == 0)
{
printf("请选择：");
n = scanf("%d", &c); // 尝试读入整数 c
scanf("%*[^\n]"); // 跳过一行中剩余的字符
}
return c;
} }
// 使数据按降序排序
//查询 int Descending(float a, float b)
void query_data(void)
{ {
int num; return a > b; // 这样比较决定了按降序排序，如果a>b，则交换
printf("输入学生学号： ");
scanf("%d", &num);
int f = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
if (num == stu[i].number)
{
f = i;
break;
}
}
if (f == -1)
{
printf("学生不存在");
}
else
{
printf("学生学号：%d\n", stu[f].number);
printf("学生姓名：%s\n", stu[f].name);
printf("学生成绩：%d\n", stu[f].score);
}
} }
// 交换两个单精度浮点型数据
//打印 void SwapFloat(float *x, float *y)
void print_data(void)
{ {
printf("NUMBER | NAME score\n"); float temp;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++) temp = *x;
{ *x = *y;
printf("%d | %s %d\n", stu[i].number, stu[i].name, stu[i].score); *y = temp;
}
} }
// 交换两个长整型数据
//添加 void SwapLong(long *x, long *y)
void add_data(void)
{ {
int num; long temp;
printf("输入学生学号："); temp = *x;
scanf("%d", &num); *x = *y;
int f = 0; *y = temp;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
if (num == stu[i].number)
{
f = 1;
break;
}
}
if (f == 0)
{
stu[num_parts].number = num;
printf("输入学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", &stu[num_parts].name);
printf("输入学生成绩：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num_parts].score);
num_parts++;
printf("学生 %d 添加成功\n", num);
}
else
{
printf("学生已存在");
}
} }
// 交换两个字符串
//修改 void SwapChar(char x[], char y[])
void update_data(void)
{ {
int num; char temp[MAX_LEN];
printf("输入学生学号："); strcpy(temp, x);
scanf("%d", &num); strcpy(x, y);
int f = 0; strcpy(y, temp);
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
if (num == stu[i].number)
{
f = 1;
break;
}
}
if (f == 0)
{
printf("学生不存在");
}
else
{
printf("输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num].number);
printf("输入学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", stu[num].name);
printf("输入学生成绩：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num].score);
printf("学生 %d 已更新", num);
}
} }
// 函数功能：按选择法将数组num的元素值按从低到高排序
void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{
int i, j, k, t;
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
{
/* ---------- begain ---------- */
//删除 k=i;
void delete_data(void) for (j=i+1;j<10;j++){
if((*compare)(stu[k]num.stu[j].num)) k=j;}
if(k!=i){t=stu[i].num;stu[i].num=stu[k].num;stu[k].num=t;}
/* ----------- end ----------- */
}
}
// 函数功能：交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序
void SortbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
int num; int i, j, t;
printf("输入学生学号："); for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
scanf("%d", &num); {
int f = 0, i, j; for (j = i+1; j<n; j++)
for (i = 0; i < num_parts; i++) {
{ if (strcmp(stu[j].name, stu[i].name) < 0)
if (num == stu[i].number) {
{ for (t=0; t<m; t++)// 交换m门课程的成绩
f = 1; {
break; SwapFloat(&stu[i].score[t], &stu[j].score[t]);
} }
} SwapFloat(&stu[i].sum, &stu[j].sum); // 交换总分
if (f == 0) SwapFloat(&stu[i].aver, &stu[j].aver); // 交换平均分
{ SwapLong(&stu[i].num, &stu[j].num); // 交换学号
printf("学生不存在"); SwapChar(stu[i].name, stu[j].name); // 交换姓名
} }
else }
{ }
for (j = i; j < num_parts - 1; j++)
{
stu[j] = stu[j + 1];
}
num_parts--;
printf("删除成功");
}
} }
// 函数功能：按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果
void read_data(void) void SearchbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
puts("读取数据"); long number;
printf("请输入文件名"); int i, j;
char filename[256]; printf("Input the number you want to search:");
scanf("%s", filename); scanf("%ld", &number);
For(i=0;i<n;i++){
FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r"); If（strcmp(number,stu[i].num)==0)
if (fp == NULL) printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
{ for (j=0; j<m; j++)
perror(filename); {
return; printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]);
} }
int i = 0; printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
while (fscanf(fp, "%d,%[^,],%d", &stu[i].number, stu[i].name, &stu[i].score) == 3) return;
{ }
i++; }
} printf("\nNot found!\n");
fclose(fp);
num_parts = i;
printf("读取 %d 记录\n", num_parts);
} }
// 函数功能：按姓名的字典顺序排出成绩表
void save_data(void) void SearchbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
puts("保存数据"); char x[MAX_LEN];
printf(" 请输入文件名"); int i, j;
char filename[256]; printf("Input the name you want to search:");
scanf("%s", filename); scanf("%s", x);
FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r"); for (i=0; i<n; i++)
if (fp == NULL) {
{ if (strcmp(stu[i].name, x) == 0)
perror(filename); {
return; printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
} for (j=0; j<m; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++) {
{ printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]);
fprintf(fp, "%d,%s,%d\n", stu[i].number, stu[i].name, stu[i].score); }
} printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
fclose(fp); return;
printf("保存%d 成功", num_parts); }
}
printf("\nNot found!\n");
} }
// 函数功能：统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比
//排序 void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[], int n, int m)
void sort_data(void)
{ {
printf("排序\n"); int i, j, t[6];
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++) for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{ {
int change = 0; printf("For course %d:\n", j+1);
static struct students t; memset(t, 0, sizeof(t)); // 将数组t的全部元素初始化为0
for (int j = 0; j < num_parts - i - 1; j++) for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{ {
if (stu[j].number > stu[j + 1].number) if (stu[i].score[j]>=0 && stu[i].score[j]<60)t[0]++;
{ else if (stu[i].score[j]<70) t[1]++;
t = stu[j + 1]; else if (stu[i].score[j]<80) t[2]++;
stu[j + 1] = stu[j]; else if (stu[i].score[j]<90) t[3]++;
stu[j] = t; else if (stu[i].score[j]<100) t[4]++;
change = 1; else if (stu[i].score[j] == 100) t[5]++;
} }
} for (i=0; i<=5; i++)
if (!change) {
break; if (i==0) printf("<60\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
} else if (i==5) printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++) (i+5)*10,t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
{ else printf("%d-%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",
int change = 0; (i+5)*10, (i+5)*10+9, t[i], (float)t[i]/n*100);
static struct students t; }
for (int j = 0; j < num_parts - i - 1; j++) }
{
if (stu[j].score > stu[j + 1].score)
{
t = stu[j + 1];
stu[j + 1] = stu[j];
stu[j] = t;
change = 1;
}
}
if (!change)
break;
}
printf("排序已完成");
} }
// 函数功能： 打印学生成绩
void make_chart(void) void PrintScore(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
printf("NUMBER | NAME score\n"); int i, j;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++) for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{ {
printf("%d | %s ", stu[i].number, stu[i].name); printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
for (int j = 0; j < stu[i].score; j++) for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{ {
printf("*"); printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]);
} }
printf("\n"); printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
} }
printf("图表\n");
} }
// 输出n个学生的学号、姓名及m门课程的成绩到文件student.txt中
int confirm(const char *msg) void WritetoFile(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{
FILE *fp;
int i, j;
if ((fp = fopen("student.txt","w")) == NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
exit(0);
}
fprintf(fp, "%d\t%d\n", n, m); //将学生人数和课程门数写入文件
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
fprintf(fp, "%10ld%10s", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f", stu[i].score[j]);
}
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f%10.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
}
fclose(fp);
}
//从文件中读取学生的学号、姓名及成绩等信息写入到结构体数组stu中
void ReadfromFile(STU stu[],int *n, int *m)
{ {
char c = 'n'; // 默认选择是 no FILE *fp;
printf("%s(Y/N): ", msg); // 提示输入 yes/no 进行确认 int i, j;
scanf(" %c%*[^\n]", &c); // 读取第一个字符，忽略剩余字符 if ((fp = fopen("student.txt","r")) == NULL)
return c == 'y' || c == 'Y'; // 返回确认结果 {
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
exit(0);
}
fscanf(fp, "%d\t%d", n, m); // 从文件中读出学生人数和课程门数
for (i=0; i<*n; i++) //学生人数保存在n指向的存储单元
{
fscanf(fp, "%10ld", &stu[i].num);
fscanf(fp, "%10s", stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<*m; j++)//课程门数保存在m指向的存储单元
{
fscanf(fp, "%10f", &stu[i].score[j]); //不能用%10.0f
}
fscanf(fp, "%10f%10f", &stu[i].sum, &stu[i].aver);//不能用%10.0f
}
fclose(fp);
} }

36
text.drawio
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@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
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<diagram id="4rOLv9Xi8nasrVEhpD6I" name="第 1 页">
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<<<<<<< HEAD
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=======
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>>>>>>> 456f225eb01b97142f653b827d7c303650179ba6
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