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# 学习成绩管理系统
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2023年4月17日-5月1日
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李雨佳 徐子贵 许子林 张宇
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## 项目简介
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本成绩管理系统是为教师提供管理班级成绩的工具，该系统可以实现的对学生的成绩进行增、删、改、查、信息保存和信息导入等基本信息，以及对学生成绩排序和分段的扩展功能，有利于对学生成绩管理。项目采用C语言编程实现，在VS Code 集成开发环境（IDE）中使用GCC进行编译。系统采用模块化设计，程序结构清晰，采用菜单驱动的命令行界面，操作便捷，能够用CSV格式读取和保存数据，通用性强，能够用图表展示数据，直观清楚。
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下载地址：https://bdgit.educoder.net/pvfj5ugro/text1.git
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项目开发过程中采用 Kanban（看板）进行任务管理和分工协作，并使用 Git 对程序代码和文档进行版本管理。任务分工情况如下：
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| 任务 | 设计 | 开发 | 测试 | 文档 |
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| ------ | ----- | ----- | -- | ----- |
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| C1-C3 菜单驱动的用户界面 | 许子林 | 许子林 | 李雨佳 张宇 | 徐子贵 |
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| C4 添加学生信息 | 张宇 | 张宇 | 徐子贵 许子林 | 李雨佳 |
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| C5-C6 求和求平均 | 徐子贵 | 徐子贵 | 李雨佳 许子林 | 张宇 |
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| C7-C9 排序 | 李雨佳 | 李雨佳 | 张宇 徐子贵 | 许子林 |
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| C10 学生信息查询 | 张宇 | 张宇 | 李雨佳 徐子贵 | 许子林 |
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| C11 统计学生信息 | 徐子贵 | 徐子贵 | 许子林 张宇 | 李雨佳 |
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| C12 打印学生信息 | 许子林 | 许子林 | 李雨佳 张宇 | 徐子贵 |
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| C13 将学生信息读入文件 | 李雨佳 | 李雨佳 | 许子林 徐子贵 | 张宇 |
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| C14 从文件中读取学生信息 | 李雨佳 | 李雨佳 | 张宇 徐子贵 | 许子林 |
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每个成员的工作量（百分比）：
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| 李雨佳 | 徐子贵 | 许子林 | 张宇 |
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| ------ | ----- | ------ | --- |
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|30 | 30 | 20 | 20 |
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## 关于学生成绩管理系统
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设计一个学生成绩管理系统，要求采用行菜单界面进行交互，具备读取、保存、打印、查询、插入和排序等基本功能，能够以表格和图表形式展示数据，采用CSV格式保存数据。
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系统的功能性需求：
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- 数据的读取、保存、打印、查询、插入、排序和图表展示。
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系统的非功能性需求：
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- 菜单驱动的命令行交互界面
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## 需求分析
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分析系统的功能需求和界面需求，编制用户手册如下。
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### C1: 启动程序
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命令行中执行命令./app,系统启动，显示提示信息，然后显示功能菜单，等待用户输入命令。
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```
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Management for Students'scores
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1 Input record
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2 Calculate total and average score of every course
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3 Calculate total and average score of every student
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4 Sort in descending order by score
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5 Sort in ascending order by score
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6 Sort in ascending order by number
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7 Sort in dictionary order by name
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8 Search by number
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9 Search by name
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10 Statistic analysis
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11 List record
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12 Write to a file
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13 Read from a file
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0 Exit
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Please Input your choice:
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```
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### C2: 显示命令菜单
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调用 Menu() 函数显示命令菜单，用户输入选项后，将结果返回主函数
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```
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Management for Students'scores
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1 Input record
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2 Calculate total and average score of every course
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3 Calculate total and average score of every student
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4 Sort in descending order by score
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5 Sort in ascending order by score
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6 Sort in ascending order by number
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7 Sort in dictionary order by name
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8 Search by number
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9 Search by name
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10 Statistic analysis
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11 List record
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12 Write to a file
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13 Read from a file
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0 Exit
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Please Input your choice:
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```
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### C3: 退出程序
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选择菜单命令 0 ，再输入 y 确认，则退出程序。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 0
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Are you sure you want to exit?(Y/N): y
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End of program!
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```
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### C4: 添加学生信息
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选择菜单命令 1 ，假设n=4,m=3,提示输入学生的学号，姓名和成绩，然后利用循环逐个输入学生的学号和姓名以及各科成绩。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 1
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Input student's ID, name and score:
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2214111006 XuZilin 100 95 86
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2214111009 XuZigui 77 89 99
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100
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```
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### C5: 计算学生各门课程总分和平均分
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选择菜单命令 2 ，计算学生各门课程总分和平均分,然后利用循环逐个输出学生的顺序，总成绩和平均分，结果都取整数。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 2
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student 1: sum = 281, aver = 93
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student 2: sum = 265, aver = 88
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student 3: sum = 274, aver = 91
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student 4: sum = 264, aver = 88
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```
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### C6: 计算每门课程的总分和平均分
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选择菜单命令 3 ，计算每门课程的总分和平均分，然后利用循环逐个输出每门课程的总分和平均分，结果都取整数。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 3
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course 1: sum = 337, aver = 84
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course 2: sum = 364, aver = 91
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course 3: sum = 383, aver = 95
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```
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### C7: 学生总分排序
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如果a < b,则按升序排列。选择菜单命令 4 ，按选择法将数组 sum 的元素值按升序进行排序，显示提示信息，最后打印出学生信息。
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如果a > b,则按降序排序。选择菜单命令 5 ，按选择法将数组 sum 的元素值按降序进行排序，显示提示信息，最后打印出学生成绩。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 4
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Sort in descending order by score:
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2214111006 XuZilin 100 95 86 281 93
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98 274 91
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2214111009 XuZigui 77 89 99 265 88
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100 264 88
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Please Input your choice: 5
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Sort in ascending order by score:
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100 264 88
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2214111009 XuZigui 77 89 99 265 88
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98 274 91
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2214111006 XuZilin 100 95 86 281 93
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```
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### C8: 学号顺序排序
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选择菜单命令 6 ，按学号从小到大进行排序，显示提示信息，最后打印学生信息。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 6
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Sort in ascending order by number:
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2214111006 XuZilin 100 95 86 281 93
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2214111009 XuZigui 77 89 99 265 88
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98 274 91
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100 264 88
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```
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### C9: 姓名顺序排序
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选择菜单命令 7 ，按姓名的字典顺序进行排序，显示提示信息，最后打印学生信息。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 7
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Sort in dictionary order by name:
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100 264 88
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2214111009 XuZigui 77 89 99 265 88
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2214111006 XuZilin 100 95 86 281 93
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98 274 91
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```
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### C10: 学生信息查询
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- 选择菜单命令 8 ，提示输入学生学号，若该学号存在，则输出学生信息；否则提示没有找到并结束。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 8
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Input the number you want to search:2214111011
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98 274 91
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1 Input record
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2 Calculate total and average score of every course
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3 Calculate total and average score of every student
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4 Sort in descending order by score
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5 Sort in ascending order by score
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6 Sort in ascending order by number
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7 Sort in dictionary order by name
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8 Search by number
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9 Search by name
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10 Statistic analysis
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11 List record
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12 Write to a file
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13 Read from a file
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0 Exit
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Please Input your choice: 8
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Input the number you want to search:2214111001
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Not found!
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```
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- 选择菜单命令 9 ，提示输入学生姓名，若该姓名存在，则输出学生信息；否则提示没有找到并结束。
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```
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Please Input your choice: 9
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Input the name you want to search:LiYujia
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100 264 88
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1 Input record
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2 Calculate total and average score of every course
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3 Calculate total and average score of every student
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4 Sort in descending order by score
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5 Sort in ascending order by score
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6 Sort in ascending order by number
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7 Sort in dictionary order by name
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8 Search by number
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9 Search by name
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10 Statistic analysis
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11 List record
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12 Write to a file
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13 Read from a file
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0 Exit
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Please Input your choice: 9
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Input the name you want to search:SunYizhe
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Not found!
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```
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### C11: 统计各分数段学生人数及所占百分比
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选择菜单命令 10，提示输入学生成绩，通过循环得出各分数段学生人数及所占百分比
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```
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Please Input your choice: 10
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For course 1:
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<60 0 0.00%
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60-70 0 0.00%
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70-80 2 50.00%
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80-90 1 25.00%
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90-100 0 0.00%
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100 1 25.00%
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For course 2:
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<60 0 0.00%
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60-70 0 0.00%
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70-80 0 00.00%
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80-90 2 50.00%
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90-100 2 50.00%
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100 0 0.00%
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For course 3:
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<60 0 0.00%
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60-70 0 0.00%
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70-80 0 0.00%
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80-90 1 25.00%
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90-100 2 50.00%
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100 1 25.00%
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```
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### C12: 打印学生信息
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选择菜单命令11，打印
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```
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Please Input your choice: 11
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2214111006 XuZilin 100 95 86 281 93
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2214111009 XuZigui 77 89 99 265 88
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98 274 91
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100 264 88
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```
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### C13: 将学生信息保存在文件中
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选择菜单命令 12 ，将学生信息保存在文件 student.txt 中。如果文件不存在，则给出错误信息并退出程序，否则逐个读入
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```
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Please Input your choice: 12
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Failure to open score.txt!
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1 Input record
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2 Calculate total and average score of every course
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3 Calculate total and average score of every student
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4 Sort in descending order by score
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5 Sort in ascending order by score
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6 Sort in ascending order by number
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7 Sort in dictionary order by name
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8 Search by number
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9 Search by name
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10 Statistic analysis
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11 List record
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12 Write to a file
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13 Read from a file
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0 Exit
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Please Input your choice: 12
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2214111006 XuZilin 100 95 86 281 93
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2214111009 XuZigui 77 89 99 265 88
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98 274 91
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100 264 88
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```
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### C14：从文件中读取学生信息
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选择菜单命令 13 ，从文件中读取学生的学号、姓名及成绩等信息写入到结构体数组 stu 中。如果文件为空，则给出错误信息并退出程序，反之，逐个读入
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```
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Please Input your choice: 13
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Failure to open score.txt!
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1 Input record
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2 Calculate total and average score of every course
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3 Calculate total and average score of every student
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4 Sort in descending order by score
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5 Sort in ascending order by score
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6 Sort in ascending order by number
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7 Sort in dictionary order by name
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8 Search by number
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9 Search by name
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10 Statistic analysis
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11 List record
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12 Write to a file
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13 Read from a file
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0 Exit
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Please Input your choice: 13
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2214111006 XuZilin 100 95 86 281 93
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2214111009 XuZigui 77 89 99 265 88
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2214111011 ZhangYu 85 91 98 274 91
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2214111025 LiYujia 75 89 100 264 88
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```
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## 概要设计
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系统主要分为用户界面和数据处理两大模块。
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用户界面模块包括系统初始化（init），显示菜单（display_menu），选择菜单命令（make_choice）、确认（confirm）、退出（quit）等子模块。
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数据处理模块包括读取数据（read_data）、保存数据（save_data）、打印数据（print_data）、查询数据（query_data）、添加数据（add_data）、更新数据（update_data）、删除数据（delete_data）、数据排序（sort_data）和生成图表（make_chart）等子模块。其中查询、添加、更
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新和删除数据还会用到根据编号查询数据的方法（find）。
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上述各模块通过主程序（main）进行调用，系统模块图如下。
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各模块的主要功能如下：
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#### main
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系统主函数模块，显示菜单，根据用户选择的菜单命令，执行相关操作。
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#### init
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系统初始化
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#### menu
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显示菜单命令
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## 详细设计
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针对概要设计
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#### main
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|
|
|
Step 1:初始化
|
|
|
Step 2:根据用户选择的命令执行相应的操作
|
|
|
Step 2.1:显示菜单
|
|
|
Step 2.2:选择菜单命令 c
|
|
|
Step 2.3:if c == 1 then ReadScore
|
|
|
Step 2.4:if c == 2 then AverSumofEveryStudent
|
|
|
Step 2.5:if c == 3 then AverSumofEveryCourse
|
|
|
Step 2.6:if c == 4 then SortbyScore(Descending)
|
|
|
Step 2.7:if c == 5 then SortbyScore(Ascending)
|
|
|
Step 2.8:if c == 6 then AsSortbyNum
|
|
|
Step 2.9:if c == 7 then SortbyName
|
|
|
Step 2.10:if c == 8 then SearchbyNum
|
|
|
Step 2.11:if c == 9 then SearchbyName
|
|
|
Step 2.12:if c == 10 then StatisticAnalysis
|
|
|
Step 2.13:if c == 11 then PrintScore
|
|
|
Step 2.14:if c == 12 then WritetoFile
|
|
|
Step 2.15:if c == 13 then ReadfromFile
|
|
|
Step 2.16:if c == 0 then exit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### ReadScore
|
|
|
|
|
|
Step 1:显示提示信息，要求输入学生的学号，姓名和成绩
|
|
|
Step 2：利用循环，输入学生的学号，成绩和各科成绩
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### AverSumofEveryStudent
|
|
|
|
|
|
Step 1:利用for循环给 sum 赋初值为 0
|
|
|
Step 2:利用第二重循环重新计算每个学生的总分
|
|
|
Step 3:计算每个学生的平均分
|
|
|
Step 4:将结果按照舒徐，总分和平均分的顺序进行输出
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### AverSumofEveryCourse
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### SortbyScore
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### SortbyScore
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### AsSortbyNum
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### SortbyName
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### SearchbyNum
|
|
|
|
|
|
Step 1:利用for循环给 i 赋值为 0
|
|
|
Step 2:利用 if 条件判断学号是否一致
|
|
|
Step 3:利用二次循环找出所有符合条件的学生
|
|
|
Step 4:利用if条件语句能否找到该学生
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### SearchbyName
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### StatisticAnalysis
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### PrintScore
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### WritetoFile
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### ReadfromFile
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### exit
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 代码实现
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 头文件的使用
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
#include<stdio.h>
|
|
|
#include<stdlib.h>
|
|
|
#include<string.h>
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
// define定义的全局变量
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
#define MAX_LEN 10 //字符串最大长度
|
|
|
#define STU_NUM 30 //最多的考试人数
|
|
|
#define COURSE_NUM 6 //最多的考试科目
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 结构体的定义
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
typedef struct student{
|
|
|
long num; //每个学生的学号
|
|
|
char name[MAX_LEN]; //每个学生的姓名
|
|
|
float score[COURSE_NUM]; //每个学生COURSE_NUM门功课的成绩
|
|
|
float sum; //每个学生的总成绩
|
|
|
float aver; //每个学生的平均成绩
|
|
|
}STU;
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 函数声明
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
int Menu(void); //菜单显示、用户输入函数
|
|
|
void ReadScore(STU stu[],int n,int m); //学生成绩录入函数
|
|
|
void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[],int n,int m); //求每个学生总分和平均分的函数
|
|
|
void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[],int n,int m); //求每门课程总分和平均分的函数
|
|
|
void SortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int (*compare)(float a,float b)); //选择法将数组 sum 的元素排序的函数
|
|
|
int Ascending(float a,float b); //使数据按升序排序的函数
|
|
|
int Descending(float a,float b); //使数据按降序排序的函数
|
|
|
void SwapFloat(float *x,float *y); //用于交换两个单精度浮点数的函数
|
|
|
void SwapLong(long *x,long *y); //用于交换两个长整型数据的函数
|
|
|
void SwapChar(char x[],char y[]); //用于交换两个字符串的函数
|
|
|
void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[],int n,int m); //选择法将数组 num 的元素值从低到高排序的函数
|
|
|
void SortbyName(STU stu[],int n,int m); //交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序的函数
|
|
|
void SearchbyNum(STU stu[],int n,int m); //按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果的函数
|
|
|
void SearchbyName(STU stu[],int n,int m); //按姓名的字典顺序排出成绩表的函数
|
|
|
void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[],int n,int m); //统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比的函数
|
|
|
void PrintScore(STU stu[],int n,int m); //打印学生成绩的函数
|
|
|
void WritetoFile(STU record[],int n,int m); //输出学生信息到文件中的函数
|
|
|
void ReadfromFile(STU record[],int *n,int *m); //从文件中读取学生信息的函数
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 主函数
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
int main(void)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
char ch;
|
|
|
int n = 0,m = 0;
|
|
|
STU stu[STU_NUM];
|
|
|
printf("Input student number(n<%d):",STU_NUM);
|
|
|
scnaf("%d",&n);
|
|
|
printf("Input course number(m<=%d):",COURSE_NUM);
|
|
|
scanf("%d",&m);
|
|
|
while(1)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
ch = Menu(); //显示菜单，并读取用户输入
|
|
|
switch(ch)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
case 1:ReadScore(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 2:AverSumofEveryCourse(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 3:AverSumofEveryStudent(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 4:SortbyScore(stu,n,m,Descending);
|
|
|
printf("\nSort in descending order by score:\n");
|
|
|
PrintScore(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 5:SortbyScore(stu,n,m,Ascending);
|
|
|
printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n");
|
|
|
PrintScore(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 6:AsSortbyNum(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n");
|
|
|
PrintScore(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 7:SortbyName(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
printf("\nSort in dictionary order by name:\n");
|
|
|
PrintScore(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 8:SearchbyNum(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 9:SearchbyName(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 10:StatisticAnalysis(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 11:PrintScore(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 12:WritetoFile(stu,n,m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 13:ReadfromFile(stu,&n,&m);
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
case 0: printf("Are you sure you want to exit?(Y/N):");
|
|
|
printf("End of program!);
|
|
|
exit(0);
|
|
|
default:printf("Input error!");
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 函数功能：显示菜单并获得用户键盘输入的选项
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
int Menu(void)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int itemSelected;
|
|
|
printf("Management for Students' scores\n");
|
|
|
printf("1 Input record\n");
|
|
|
printf("2 Calculate total and average score of every course\n");
|
|
|
printf("3 Calculate total and average score of every student\n");
|
|
|
printf("4 Sort in descending order by score\n");
|
|
|
printf("5 Sort in ascending order by score\n");
|
|
|
printf("6 Sort in ascending order by number\n");
|
|
|
printf("7 Sort in dictionary order by name\n");
|
|
|
printf("8 Search by number\n");
|
|
|
printf("9 Search by name\n");
|
|
|
printf("10 Statistic analysis\n");
|
|
|
printf("11 List record\n");
|
|
|
printf("12 Write to a file\n");
|
|
|
printf("13 Read from a file\n");
|
|
|
printf("0 Exit\n");
|
|
|
printf("Please Input your choice:");
|
|
|
scanf("%d",&itemSelected); //读入用户输入
|
|
|
return itemSelected;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 函数功能：输入 n 个学生的 m 门课成绩
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void ReadScore(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i,j;
|
|
|
printf("Input student's ID ,name and score:\n");
|
|
|
for(i=0,i<n;i++) //输入n个同学
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
scanf("%ld%s",&stu[i].num,stu[i].name);
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++) //输入m门成绩
|
|
|
scanf("%f",&stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：计算每个学生各门课程的总分和平均分
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i,j;
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
stu[i].sum = 0; //初始化每个学生总分为0
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
stu[i].sum = stu[i].sum + stu[i].score[j]; //累加分数
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
stu[i].aver = m>0 ? stu[i].sum /m : -1;
|
|
|
printf("student %d: sum = %.0f,aver = %.0f\n",i+1,stu[i].sum,stu[i].aver);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：计算每门课程的总分和平均分
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i,j;
|
|
|
float sum[COURSE_NUM],aver[COURSE_NUM];
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
sum[j] = 0;
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
sum[j]+= stu[i].score[j]; //计算n个同学每门课程的总分
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
aver[j] = sum[j]/i;
|
|
|
printf("course %d: sum = %.0f,aver = %.0f\n",j+1, sum[j], aver[j]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：按选择法将数组 sum 的元素值排序
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
voidSortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int(*compare)(float a,float b))
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i, j, k, t;
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
k = i;
|
|
|
for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if ((*compare)(stu[j].sum, stu[k].sum)) k = j;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
if (k != i)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
for (t=0; t<m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); //交换总分
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); //交换平均分
|
|
|
SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); //交换学号
|
|
|
SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); //交换姓名
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//使数据按升序排序
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
int Ascending(float a,float b)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
return a < b; //这样比较决定了按升序排序，如果a<b，则交换
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//使数据按降序排序
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
int Descending(float a,float b)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
return a > b; // 这样比较决定了按降序排序，如果 a>b，则交换
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//交换两个单精度浮点型数据
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void SwapFloat(float *x,float *y)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
float temp;
|
|
|
temp = *x;
|
|
|
*x = *y;
|
|
|
*y = temp;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//交换两个长整型数据
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void SwapLong(long *x,long *y)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
long temp;
|
|
|
temp = *x;
|
|
|
*x = *y;
|
|
|
*y = temp;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//交换两个字符串
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void SwapChar(char x[],chary[])
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
char temp[MAX_LEN];
|
|
|
strcpy(temp, x);
|
|
|
strcpy(x, y);
|
|
|
strcpy(y, temp);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：按选择法将数组 num 的元素从低到高排序
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i, j, k, t;
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i, j, k, t;
|
|
|
k = i;
|
|
|
for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (stu[j].num < stu[k].num) k = j;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
if (k != i)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
for (t=0; t<m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); //交换总分
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); //交换平均分
|
|
|
SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); //交换学号
|
|
|
SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); //交换姓名
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void SortbyName(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i, j, t;
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
for (j = i+1; j<n; j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (strcmp(stu[j].name, stu[i].name) < 0)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
for (t=0; t<m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[i].score[t], &stu[j].score[t]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[i].sum, &stu[j].sum); //交换总分
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[i].aver, &stu[j].aver); //交换平均分
|
|
|
SwapLong(&stu[i].num, &stu[j].num); //交换学号
|
|
|
SwapChar(stu[i].name, stu[j].name); //交换姓名
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void SearchbyNum(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
long number;
|
|
|
int i,j;
|
|
|
printf("Input the number you want to search:");
|
|
|
scanf("%ld",&number);
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
|
|
|
if(stu[i].num==number)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("\n");
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
|
|
|
printf("%d\t",stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
printf("\n");
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
if(i==n)
|
|
|
printf("\nNot found!\n");
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：按姓名查找学生成绩并显示查找结果
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void SearchbyName(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
char x[MAX_LEN];
|
|
|
int i,j;
|
|
|
printf("Input the name you want to search:");
|
|
|
scanf("%s", x);
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if(strcmp(stu[i].name,x)==0)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("%ld\t%s\t",stu[i].num,stu[i].name);
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("%.0f\t",stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf(".0f\t%.0f\n",stu[i].sum,stu[i].aver);
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf("\nNot found!\n);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i,j,t[6];
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("For course %d:\n",j+1);
|
|
|
memset(t,0,sizeof(t)); //将数组 t 的全部元素初始化为0
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if(stu[i].score[j]>=0&&stu[i].score[j]<60) t[0]++;
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]<70) t[1]++;
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]<80) t[2]++;
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]<90) t[3]++;
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]<100) t[4]++;
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]==100) t[5]++;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if(i==0) printf("<60\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
|
|
|
else if(i==5) printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",(i+5)*10,t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
|
|
|
else printf("%d-%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",(i+5)*10,(i+5)*10+9,t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能：打印学生成绩
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void PrintScore(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
int i,j;
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
|
|
|
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//输出 n 个学生的学号、姓名及 m 门课程的成绩到文件 student.txt 中
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void WritetoFile(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
FILE *fp;
|
|
|
int i, j;
|
|
|
|
|
|
if((fp = fopen("student.txt","w")) == NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
|
|
|
exit(0);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%d\t%d\n", n, m); //将学生人数和课程门数写入文件
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10ld%10s", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
|
|
|
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f", stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f%10.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
//从文件中读取学生的学号、姓名及成绩等信息写入到结构体 stu 中
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void ReadfromFile(STU stu[],int *n,int *m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
FILE *fp;
|
|
|
int i, j;
|
|
|
if ((fp = fopen("student.txt","r")) == NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
|
|
|
exit(0);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%d\t%d", n, m); //从文件中读出学生人数，课程门数
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<*n; i++) //学生人数保存在n指向的储存单元
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10ld", &stu[i].num);
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10s", stu[i].name);
|
|
|
for (j=0; j<*m; j++) //课程门数保存在m指向的储存单元
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10f", &stu[i].score[j]); //不能用%10.0f
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10f%10f", &stu[i].sum, &stu[i].aver); //不能用%10.0f
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
``` |
