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xiao dong 2 years ago
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#define NAME_LEN 31
#define MAX_PARTS 100
//保存学生成绩信息的结构
struct students
{
int number;
char name[NAME_LEN + 1];
int score;
};
static struct students stu[MAX_PARTS];
static int num_parts = 0;
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_LEN 10 // 字符串最大长度 //定义常量
#define STU_NUM 30 // 最多的学生人数 #define CMD_QUIT 0
#define COURSE_NUM 6 // 最多的考试科目数 #define CMD_QUERY 4
typedef struct student #define CMD_INSERT 5
{ #define CMD_UPDATE 6
long num; // 每个学生的学号 #define CMD_DELETE 7
char name[MAX_LEN]; // 每个学生的姓名 #define CMD_READ 1
float score[COURSE_NUM]; // 每个学生COURSE_NUM门功课的成绩 #define CMD_SAVE 2
float sum; // 每个学生的总成绩 #define CMD_PRINT 3
float aver; // 每个学生的平均成绩 #define CMD_SORT 8
}STU; #define CMD_CHART 9
int Menu(void); // 菜单命令的编号
void ReadScore(STU stu[], int n, int m);
void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[], int n, int m); // 函数声明
void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[], int n, int m); void init(void);
void SortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int (*compare)(float a,float b)); void quit(void);
int Ascending(float a, float b); void display_menu(void);
int Descending(float a, float b); int make_choice(void);
void SwapFloat(float *x, float *y); void read_data(void); // 读取
void SwapLong(long *x, long *y); void save_data(void); // 保存
void SwapChar(char x[], char y[]); void print_data(void); // 打印
void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m); void query_data(void); // 查询
void SortbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m); void add_data(void); // 添加
void SearchbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m); void update_data(void); // 修改
void SearchbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m); void delete_data(void); // 删除
void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[], int n, int m); void sort_data(void); // 排序
void PrintScore(STU stu[], int n, int m); void make_chart(void); // 图表
void WritetoFile(STU record[], int n, int m); int confirm(const char *msg);
void ReadfromFile(STU record[], int *n, int *m);
// 主程序
int main(void) int main(void)
{ {
char ch; init(); // 程序启动
int n = 0, m = 0;
STU stu[STU_NUM];
printf("Input student number(n<%d):", STU_NUM);
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Input course number(m<=%d):",COURSE_NUM);
scanf("%d", &m);
while (1) while (1)
{ {
ch = Menu(); // 显示菜单，并读取用户输入 display_menu();
switch (ch) int c = make_choice();
switch (c)
{ {
case 1:ReadScore(stu, n, m); case CMD_QUERY:
break; query_data();
case 2: AverSumofEveryCourse(stu, n, m);
break;
case 3: AverSumofEveryStudent(stu, n, m);
break; break;
case 4: SortbyScore(stu, n, m, Descending); case CMD_INSERT:
printf("\nSort in descending order by score:\n"); add_data();
PrintScore(stu, n, m);
break; break;
case 5: SortbyScore(stu, n, m, Ascending); case CMD_UPDATE:
printf("\nSort in ascending order by score:\n"); update_data();
PrintScore(stu, n, m);
break; break;
case 6: AsSortbyNum(stu, n, m); case CMD_DELETE:
printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n"); delete_data();
PrintScore(stu, n, m);
break; break;
case 7: SortbyName(stu, n, m); case CMD_READ:
printf("\nSort in dictionary order by name:\n"); read_data();
PrintScore(stu, n, m);
break; break;
case 8: SearchbyNum(stu, n, m); case CMD_SAVE:
save_data();
break; break;
case 9: SearchbyName(stu, n, m); case CMD_PRINT:
print_data();
break; break;
case 10: StatisticAnalysis(stu, n, m); case CMD_SORT:
sort_data();
break; break;
case 11:PrintScore(stu, n, m); case CMD_CHART:
make_chart();
break; break;
case 12:WritetoFile(stu, n, m); default:
puts("命令错误，请重新选择");
break; break;
case 13:ReadfromFile(stu, &n, &m); case CMD_QUIT:
if (confirm("确定要退出吗？"))
quit(); // 仅在确认后退出
break; break;
case 0: printf("End of program!");
exit(0);
default:printf("Input error!");
}
}
return 0;}
// 函数功能：显示菜单并获得用户键盘输入的选项
int Menu(void)
{
int itemSelected;
printf("Management for Students' scores\n");
printf("1.Input record\n");
printf("2.Calculate total and average score of every course\n");
printf("3.Calculate total and average score of every student\n");
printf("4.Sort in descending order by score\n");
printf("5.Sort in ascending order by score\n");
printf("6.Sort in ascending order by number\n");
printf("7.Sort in dictionary order by name\n");
printf("8.Search by number\n");
printf("9.Search by name\n");
printf("10.Statistic analysis\n");
printf("11.List record\n");
printf("12.Write to a file\n");
printf("13.Read from a file\n");
printf("0.Exit\n");
printf("Please Input your choice:");
scanf("%d", &itemSelected); // 读入用户输入
return itemSelected;
}
// 函数功能：输入n个学生的m门课成绩
void ReadScore(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{
int i, j;
printf("Input student's ID, name and score:\n");
/* ---------- begain ---------- */
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{scanf("%ld%s",&stu[i].num,stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
scanf("%f",&stu[i].score[j]);
} }
/* ----------- end ----------- */
} }
// 函数功能：计算每个学生各门课程的总分和平均分 return 0;
void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{
int i, j;
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
stu[i].sum = 0;
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{
stu[i].sum = stu[i].sum + stu[i].score[j];
} }
stu[i].aver = m>0 ? stu[i].sum / m : -1;
printf("student %d: sum = %.0f, aver = %.0f\n", // 函数定义
i+1, stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver); void init(void)
{
puts("程序启动");
} }
void quit(void)
{
puts("程序退出");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
} }
// 函数功能：计算每门课程的总分和平均分 void display_menu(void)
void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
int i, j; printf("\n%d 读取 | %d 保存 | %d 打印 | %d 查询 | %d 添加\n%d 修改 | %d 删除 | %d 排序 | %d 图表 | %d 退出\n\n", CMD_READ, CMD_SAVE, CMD_PRINT, CMD_QUERY, CMD_INSERT, CMD_UPDATE, CMD_DELETE, CMD_SORT, CMD_CHART, CMD_QUIT);
float sum[COURSE_NUM], aver[COURSE_NUM]; }
/* ---------- begain ---------- */ int make_choice(void)
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{ {
sum[j] = 0; int c; // 用户输入
for (i=0; i<n; i++) int n = 0; // 正确读入的数据项个数
while (n == 0)
{ {
sum[j] += stu[i].score[j]; printf("请选择：");
n = scanf("%d", &c); // 尝试读入整数 c
scanf("%*[^\n]"); // 跳过一行中剩余的字符
} }
aver[j]=sum[j]/i; return c;
printf("student %d: sum = %.0f, aver = %.0f\n",
j+1, sum[j], aver[j]);
} }
/* ----------- end ----------- */
} //查询
// 函数功能：按选择法将数组sum的元素值排序 void query_data(void)
void SortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int (*compare)(float a,float b))
{ {
int i, j, k, t; int num;
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++) printf("输入学生学号： ");
scanf("%d", &num);
int f = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{ {
k = i; if (num == stu[i].number)
for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{ {
if ((*compare)(stu[j].sum, stu[k].sum)) k = j; f = i;
break;
}
} }
if (k != i) if (f == -1)
{ {
for (t=0; t<m; t++) // 交换m门课程的成绩 printf("学生不存在");
}
else
{ {
SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]); printf("学生学号：%d\n", stu[f].number);
printf("学生姓名：%s\n", stu[f].name);
printf("学生成绩：%d\n", stu[f].score);
} }
SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); // 交换总分
SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); // 交换平均分
SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); // 交换学号
SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); // 交换姓名
} }
//打印
void print_data(void)
{
printf("NUMBER | NAME score\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
printf("%d | %s %d\n", stu[i].number, stu[i].name, stu[i].score);
} }
} }
// 使数据按升序排序
int Ascending(float a, float b) //添加
void add_data(void)
{ {
return a < b; // 这样比较决定了按升序排序，如果a<b，则交换 int num;
} printf("输入学生学号：");
// 使数据按降序排序 scanf("%d", &num);
int Descending(float a, float b) int f = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{ {
return a > b; // 这样比较决定了按降序排序，如果a>b，则交换 if (num == stu[i].number)
}
// 交换两个单精度浮点型数据
void SwapFloat(float *x, float *y)
{ {
float temp; f = 1;
temp = *x; break;
*x = *y; }
*y = temp;
} }
// 交换两个长整型数据 if (f == 0)
void SwapLong(long *x, long *y)
{ {
long temp; stu[num_parts].number = num;
temp = *x; printf("输入学生姓名：");
*x = *y; scanf("%s", &stu[num_parts].name);
*y = temp; printf("输入学生成绩：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num_parts].score);
num_parts++;
printf("学生 %d 添加成功\n", num);
} }
// 交换两个字符串 else
void SwapChar(char x[], char y[])
{ {
char temp[MAX_LEN]; printf("学生已存在");
strcpy(temp, x);
strcpy(x, y);
strcpy(y, temp);
} }
// 函数功能：按选择法将数组num的元素值按从低到高排序 }
void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m)
//修改
void update_data(void)
{ {
int i, j, k, t; int num;
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++) printf("输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &num);
int f = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{ {
/* ---------- begain ---------- */ if (num == stu[i].number)
{
k=i; f = 1;
for (j=i+1;j<10;j++){ break;
if((*compare)(stu[k]num.stu[j].num)) k=j;}
if(k!=i){t=stu[i].num;stu[i].num=stu[k].num;stu[k].num=t;}
/* ----------- end ----------- */
} }
} }
// 函数功能：交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序 if (f == 0)
void SortbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
int i, j, t; printf("学生不存在");
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++) }
else
{ {
for (j = i+1; j<n; j++) printf("输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num].number);
printf("输入学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", stu[num].name);
printf("输入学生成绩：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num].score);
printf("学生 %d 已更新", num);
}
}
//删除
void delete_data(void)
{ {
if (strcmp(stu[j].name, stu[i].name) < 0) int num;
printf("输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &num);
int f = 0, i, j;
for (i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{ {
for (t=0; t<m; t++)// 交换m门课程的成绩 if (num == stu[i].number)
{ {
SwapFloat(&stu[i].score[t], &stu[j].score[t]); f = 1;
break;
} }
SwapFloat(&stu[i].sum, &stu[j].sum); // 交换总分
SwapFloat(&stu[i].aver, &stu[j].aver); // 交换平均分
SwapLong(&stu[i].num, &stu[j].num); // 交换学号
SwapChar(stu[i].name, stu[j].name); // 交换姓名
} }
if (f == 0)
{
printf("学生不存在");
} }
else
{
for (j = i; j < num_parts - 1; j++)
{
stu[j] = stu[j + 1];
}
num_parts--;
printf("删除成功");
} }
} }
// 函数功能：按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果
void SearchbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m) void read_data(void)
{ {
long number; puts("读取数据");
int i, j; printf("请输入文件名");
printf("Input the number you want to search:"); char filename[256];
scanf("%ld", &number); scanf("%s", filename);
For(i=0;i<n;i++){
If（strcmp(number,stu[i].num)==0) FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name); if (fp == NULL)
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{ {
printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]); perror(filename);
}
printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
return; return;
} }
int i = 0;
while (fscanf(fp, "%d,%[^,],%d", &stu[i].number, stu[i].name, &stu[i].score) == 3)
{
i++;
} }
printf("\nNot found!\n"); fclose(fp);
num_parts = i;
printf("读取 %d 记录\n", num_parts);
} }
// 函数功能：按姓名的字典顺序排出成绩表
void SearchbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m) void save_data(void)
{
char x[MAX_LEN];
int i, j;
printf("Input the name you want to search:");
scanf("%s", x);
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if (strcmp(stu[i].name, x) == 0)
{ {
printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name); puts("保存数据");
for (j=0; j<m; j++) printf(" 请输入文件名");
char filename[256];
scanf("%s", filename);
FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fp == NULL)
{ {
printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]); perror(filename);
}
printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
return; return;
} }
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
fprintf(fp, "%d,%s,%d\n", stu[i].number, stu[i].name, stu[i].score);
} }
printf("\nNot found!\n"); fclose(fp);
printf("保存%d 成功", num_parts);
} }
// 函数功能：统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比
void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[], int n, int m) //排序
void sort_data(void)
{ {
int i, j, t[6]; printf("排序\n");
for (j=0; j<m; j++) for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{ {
printf("For course %d:\n", j+1); int change = 0;
memset(t, 0, sizeof(t)); // 将数组t的全部元素初始化为0 static struct students t;
for (i=0; i<n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < num_parts - i - 1; j++)
{ {
if (stu[i].score[j]>=0 && stu[i].score[j]<60)t[0]++; if (stu[j].number > stu[j + 1].number)
else if (stu[i].score[j]<70) t[1]++;
else if (stu[i].score[j]<80) t[2]++;
else if (stu[i].score[j]<90) t[3]++;
else if (stu[i].score[j]<100) t[4]++;
else if (stu[i].score[j] == 100) t[5]++;
}
for (i=0; i<=5; i++)
{ {
if (i==0) printf("<60\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100); t = stu[j + 1];
else if (i==5) printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n", stu[j + 1] = stu[j];
(i+5)*10,t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100); stu[j] = t;
else printf("%d-%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n", change = 1;
(i+5)*10, (i+5)*10+9, t[i], (float)t[i]/n*100);
} }
} }
if (!change)
break;
} }
// 函数功能： 打印学生成绩 for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
void PrintScore(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
int i, j; int change = 0;
for (i=0; i<n; i++) static struct students t;
for (int j = 0; j < num_parts - i - 1; j++)
{ {
printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name); if (stu[j].score > stu[j + 1].score)
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{ {
printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]); t = stu[j + 1];
stu[j + 1] = stu[j];
stu[j] = t;
change = 1;
} }
printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
} }
if (!change)
break;
}
printf("排序已完成");
} }
// 输出n个学生的学号、姓名及m门课程的成绩到文件student.txt中
void WritetoFile(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{
FILE *fp;
int i, j;
if ((fp = fopen("student.txt","w")) == NULL) void make_chart(void)
{ {
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n"); printf("NUMBER | NAME score\n");
exit(0); for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
}
fprintf(fp, "%d\t%d\n", n, m); //将学生人数和课程门数写入文件
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{ {
fprintf(fp, "%10ld%10s", stu[i].num, stu[i].name); printf("%d | %s ", stu[i].number, stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<m; j++) for (int j = 0; j < stu[i].score; j++)
{ {
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f", stu[i].score[j]); printf("*");
} }
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f%10.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver); printf("\n");
} }
fclose(fp); printf("图表\n");
} }
//从文件中读取学生的学号、姓名及成绩等信息写入到结构体数组stu中
void ReadfromFile(STU stu[],int *n, int *m) int confirm(const char *msg)
{
FILE *fp;
int i, j;
if ((fp = fopen("student.txt","r")) == NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
exit(0);
}
fscanf(fp, "%d\t%d", n, m); // 从文件中读出学生人数和课程门数
for (i=0; i<*n; i++) //学生人数保存在n指向的存储单元
{
fscanf(fp, "%10ld", &stu[i].num);
fscanf(fp, "%10s", stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<*m; j++)//课程门数保存在m指向的存储单元
{ {
fscanf(fp, "%10f", &stu[i].score[j]); //不能用%10.0f char c = 'n'; // 默认选择是 no
} printf("%s(Y/N): ", msg); // 提示输入 yes/no 进行确认
fscanf(fp, "%10f%10f", &stu[i].sum, &stu[i].aver);//不能用%10.0f scanf(" %c%*[^\n]", &c); // 读取第一个字符，忽略剩余字符
} return c == 'y' || c == 'Y'; // 返回确认结果
fclose(fp);
} }
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