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xiao dong 2 years ago
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#include <stdio.h> #define NAME_LEN 31
#include <stdlib.h> #define MAX_PARTS 100
#include <string.h> //保存学生成绩信息的结构
#define MAX_LEN 10 // 字符串最大长度 struct students
#define STU_NUM 30 // 最多的学生人数
#define COURSE_NUM 6 // 最多的考试科目数
typedef struct student
{ {
long num; // 每个学生的学号 int number;
char name[MAX_LEN]; // 每个学生的姓名 char name[NAME_LEN + 1];
float score[COURSE_NUM]; // 每个学生COURSE_NUM门功课的成绩 int score;
float sum; // 每个学生的总成绩 };
float aver; // 每个学生的平均成绩 static struct students stu[MAX_PARTS];
}STU; static int num_parts = 0;
int Menu(void); #include <stdio.h>
void ReadScore(STU stu[], int n, int m); #include <stdlib.h>
void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[], int n, int m);
void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[], int n, int m); //定义常量
void SortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int (*compare)(float a,float b)); #define CMD_QUIT 0
int Ascending(float a, float b); #define CMD_QUERY 4
int Descending(float a, float b); #define CMD_INSERT 5
void SwapFloat(float *x, float *y); #define CMD_UPDATE 6
void SwapLong(long *x, long *y); #define CMD_DELETE 7
void SwapChar(char x[], char y[]); #define CMD_READ 1
void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m); #define CMD_SAVE 2
void SortbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m); #define CMD_PRINT 3
void SearchbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m); #define CMD_SORT 8
void SearchbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m); #define CMD_CHART 9
void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[], int n, int m); // 菜单命令的编号
void PrintScore(STU stu[], int n, int m);
void WritetoFile(STU record[], int n, int m); // 函数声明
void ReadfromFile(STU record[], int *n, int *m); void init(void);
void quit(void);
void display_menu(void);
int make_choice(void);
void read_data(void); // 读取
void save_data(void); // 保存
void print_data(void); // 打印
void query_data(void); // 查询
void add_data(void); // 添加
void update_data(void); // 修改
void delete_data(void); // 删除
void sort_data(void); // 排序
void make_chart(void); // 图表
int confirm(const char *msg);
// 主程序
int main(void) int main(void)
{ {
char ch; init(); // 程序启动
int n = 0, m = 0; while (1)
STU stu[STU_NUM]; {
printf("Input student number(n<%d):", STU_NUM); display_menu();
scanf("%d", &n); int c = make_choice();
printf("Input course number(m<=%d):",COURSE_NUM); switch (c)
scanf("%d", &m); {
while (1) case CMD_QUERY:
{ query_data();
ch = Menu(); // 显示菜单，并读取用户输入 break;
switch (ch) case CMD_INSERT:
{ add_data();
case 1:ReadScore(stu, n, m); break;
break; case CMD_UPDATE:
case 2: AverSumofEveryCourse(stu, n, m); update_data();
break; break;
case 3: AverSumofEveryStudent(stu, n, m); case CMD_DELETE:
break; delete_data();
case 4: SortbyScore(stu, n, m, Descending); break;
printf("\nSort in descending order by score:\n"); case CMD_READ:
PrintScore(stu, n, m); read_data();
break; break;
case 5: SortbyScore(stu, n, m, Ascending); case CMD_SAVE:
printf("\nSort in ascending order by score:\n"); save_data();
PrintScore(stu, n, m); break;
break; case CMD_PRINT:
case 6: AsSortbyNum(stu, n, m); print_data();
printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n"); break;
PrintScore(stu, n, m); case CMD_SORT:
break; sort_data();
case 7: SortbyName(stu, n, m); break;
printf("\nSort in dictionary order by name:\n"); case CMD_CHART:
PrintScore(stu, n, m); make_chart();
break; break;
case 8: SearchbyNum(stu, n, m); default:
break; puts("命令错误，请重新选择");
case 9: SearchbyName(stu, n, m); break;
break; case CMD_QUIT:
case 10: StatisticAnalysis(stu, n, m); if (confirm("确定要退出吗？"))
break; quit(); // 仅在确认后退出
case 11:PrintScore(stu, n, m); break;
break; }
case 12:WritetoFile(stu, n, m);
break;
case 13:ReadfromFile(stu, &n, &m);
break;
case 0: printf("End of program!");
exit(0);
default:printf("Input error!");
}
}
return 0;}
// 函数功能：显示菜单并获得用户键盘输入的选项
int Menu(void)
{
int itemSelected;
printf("Management for Students' scores\n");
printf("1.Input record\n");
printf("2.Calculate total and average score of every course\n");
printf("3.Calculate total and average score of every student\n");
printf("4.Sort in descending order by score\n");
printf("5.Sort in ascending order by score\n");
printf("6.Sort in ascending order by number\n");
printf("7.Sort in dictionary order by name\n");
printf("8.Search by number\n");
printf("9.Search by name\n");
printf("10.Statistic analysis\n");
printf("11.List record\n");
printf("12.Write to a file\n");
printf("13.Read from a file\n");
printf("0.Exit\n");
printf("Please Input your choice:");
scanf("%d", &itemSelected); // 读入用户输入
return itemSelected;
}
// 函数功能：输入n个学生的m门课成绩
void ReadScore(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{
int i, j;
printf("Input student's ID, name and score:\n");
/* ---------- begain ---------- */
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{scanf("%ld%s",&stu[i].num,stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
scanf("%f",&stu[i].score[j]);
} }
return 0;
/* ----------- end ----------- */
} }
// 函数功能：计算每个学生各门课程的总分和平均分
void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[], int n, int m) // 函数定义
{ void init(void)
int i, j;
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
stu[i].sum = 0;
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{
stu[i].sum = stu[i].sum + stu[i].score[j];
}
stu[i].aver = m>0 ? stu[i].sum / m : -1;
printf("student %d: sum = %.0f, aver = %.0f\n",
i+1, stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
}
}
// 函数功能：计算每门课程的总分和平均分
void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
int i, j; puts("程序启动");
float sum[COURSE_NUM], aver[COURSE_NUM];
/* ---------- begain ---------- */
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{
sum[j] = 0;
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
sum[j] += stu[i].score[j];
}
aver[j]=sum[j]/i;
printf("student %d: sum = %.0f, aver = %.0f\n",
j+1, sum[j], aver[j]);
}
/* ----------- end ----------- */
} }
// 函数功能：按选择法将数组sum的元素值排序 void quit(void)
void SortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int (*compare)(float a,float b))
{ {
int i, j, k, t; puts("程序退出");
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
{
k = i;
for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if ((*compare)(stu[j].sum, stu[k].sum)) k = j;
}
if (k != i)
{
for (t=0; t<m; t++) // 交换m门课程的成绩
{
SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]);
}
SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); // 交换总分
SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); // 交换平均分
SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); // 交换学号
SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); // 交换姓名
}
}
} }
// 使数据按升序排序 void display_menu(void)
int Ascending(float a, float b)
{ {
return a < b; // 这样比较决定了按升序排序，如果a<b，则交换 printf("\n%d 读取 | %d 保存 | %d 打印 | %d 查询 | %d 添加\n%d 修改 | %d 删除 | %d 排序 | %d 图表 | %d 退出\n\n", CMD_READ, CMD_SAVE, CMD_PRINT, CMD_QUERY, CMD_INSERT, CMD_UPDATE, CMD_DELETE, CMD_SORT, CMD_CHART, CMD_QUIT);
} }
// 使数据按降序排序 int make_choice(void)
int Descending(float a, float b)
{ {
return a > b; // 这样比较决定了按降序排序，如果a>b，则交换 int c; // 用户输入
int n = 0; // 正确读入的数据项个数
while (n == 0)
{
printf("请选择：");
n = scanf("%d", &c); // 尝试读入整数 c
scanf("%*[^\n]"); // 跳过一行中剩余的字符
}
return c;
} }
// 交换两个单精度浮点型数据
void SwapFloat(float *x, float *y) //查询
void query_data(void)
{ {
float temp; int num;
temp = *x; printf("输入学生学号： ");
*x = *y; scanf("%d", &num);
*y = temp; int f = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
if (num == stu[i].number)
{
f = i;
break;
}
}
if (f == -1)
{
printf("学生不存在");
}
else
{
printf("学生学号：%d\n", stu[f].number);
printf("学生姓名：%s\n", stu[f].name);
printf("学生成绩：%d\n", stu[f].score);
}
} }
// 交换两个长整型数据
void SwapLong(long *x, long *y) //打印
void print_data(void)
{ {
long temp; printf("NUMBER | NAME score\n");
temp = *x; for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
*x = *y; {
*y = temp; printf("%d | %s %d\n", stu[i].number, stu[i].name, stu[i].score);
}
} }
// 交换两个字符串
void SwapChar(char x[], char y[]) //添加
void add_data(void)
{ {
char temp[MAX_LEN]; int num;
strcpy(temp, x); printf("输入学生学号：");
strcpy(x, y); scanf("%d", &num);
strcpy(y, temp); int f = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
if (num == stu[i].number)
{
f = 1;
break;
}
}
if (f == 0)
{
stu[num_parts].number = num;
printf("输入学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", &stu[num_parts].name);
printf("输入学生成绩：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num_parts].score);
num_parts++;
printf("学生 %d 添加成功\n", num);
}
else
{
printf("学生已存在");
}
} }
// 函数功能：按选择法将数组num的元素值按从低到高排序
void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{
int i, j, k, t;
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
{
/* ---------- begain ---------- */
k=i; //修改
for (j=i+1;j<10;j++){ void update_data(void)
if((*compare)(stu[k]num.stu[j].num)) k=j;}
if(k!=i){t=stu[i].num;stu[i].num=stu[k].num;stu[k].num=t;}
/* ----------- end ----------- */
}
}
// 函数功能：交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序
void SortbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m)
{ {
int i, j, t; int num;
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++) printf("输入学生学号：");
{ scanf("%d", &num);
for (j = i+1; j<n; j++) int f = 0;
{ for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
if (strcmp(stu[j].name, stu[i].name) < 0) {
{ if (num == stu[i].number)
for (t=0; t<m; t++)// 交换m门课程的成绩 {
{ f = 1;
SwapFloat(&stu[i].score[t], &stu[j].score[t]); break;
} }
SwapFloat(&stu[i].sum, &stu[j].sum); // 交换总分 }
SwapFloat(&stu[i].aver, &stu[j].aver); // 交换平均分 if (f == 0)
SwapLong(&stu[i].num, &stu[j].num); // 交换学号 {
SwapChar(stu[i].name, stu[j].name); // 交换姓名 printf("学生不存在");
} }
} else
} {
printf("输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num].number);
printf("输入学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", stu[num].name);
printf("输入学生成绩：");
scanf("%d", &stu[num].score);
printf("学生 %d 已更新", num);
}
} }
// 函数功能：按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果
void SearchbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m) //删除
void delete_data(void)
{ {
long number; int num;
int i, j; printf("输入学生学号：");
printf("Input the number you want to search:"); scanf("%d", &num);
scanf("%ld", &number); int f = 0, i, j;
For(i=0;i<n;i++){ for (i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
If（strcmp(number,stu[i].num)==0) {
printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name); if (num == stu[i].number)
for (j=0; j<m; j++) {
{ f = 1;
printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]); break;
} }
printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver); }
return; if (f == 0)
} {
} printf("学生不存在");
printf("\nNot found!\n"); }
else
{
for (j = i; j < num_parts - 1; j++)
{
stu[j] = stu[j + 1];
}
num_parts--;
printf("删除成功");
}
} }
// 函数功能：按姓名的字典顺序排出成绩表
void SearchbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m) void read_data(void)
{ {
char x[MAX_LEN]; puts("读取数据");
int i, j; printf("请输入文件名");
printf("Input the name you want to search:"); char filename[256];
scanf("%s", x); scanf("%s", filename);
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{ FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (strcmp(stu[i].name, x) == 0) if (fp == NULL)
{ {
printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name); perror(filename);
for (j=0; j<m; j++) return;
{ }
printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]); int i = 0;
} while (fscanf(fp, "%d,%[^,],%d", &stu[i].number, stu[i].name, &stu[i].score) == 3)
printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver); {
return; i++;
} }
} fclose(fp);
printf("\nNot found!\n"); num_parts = i;
printf("读取 %d 记录\n", num_parts);
} }
// 函数功能：统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比
void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[], int n, int m) void save_data(void)
{ {
int i, j, t[6]; puts("保存数据");
for (j=0; j<m; j++) printf(" 请输入文件名");
{ char filename[256];
printf("For course %d:\n", j+1); scanf("%s", filename);
memset(t, 0, sizeof(t)); // 将数组t的全部元素初始化为0 FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
for (i=0; i<n; i++) if (fp == NULL)
{ {
if (stu[i].score[j]>=0 && stu[i].score[j]<60)t[0]++; perror(filename);
else if (stu[i].score[j]<70) t[1]++; return;
else if (stu[i].score[j]<80) t[2]++; }
else if (stu[i].score[j]<90) t[3]++; for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
else if (stu[i].score[j]<100) t[4]++; {
else if (stu[i].score[j] == 100) t[5]++; fprintf(fp, "%d,%s,%d\n", stu[i].number, stu[i].name, stu[i].score);
} }
for (i=0; i<=5; i++) fclose(fp);
{ printf("保存%d 成功", num_parts);
if (i==0) printf("<60\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
else if (i==5) printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",
(i+5)*10,t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
else printf("%d-%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",
(i+5)*10, (i+5)*10+9, t[i], (float)t[i]/n*100);
}
}
} }
// 函数功能： 打印学生成绩
void PrintScore(STU stu[], int n, int m) //排序
void sort_data(void)
{ {
int i, j; printf("排序\n");
for (i=0; i<n; i++) for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{ {
printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name); int change = 0;
for (j=0; j<m; j++) static struct students t;
{ for (int j = 0; j < num_parts - i - 1; j++)
printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]); {
} if (stu[j].number > stu[j + 1].number)
printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver); {
} t = stu[j + 1];
stu[j + 1] = stu[j];
stu[j] = t;
change = 1;
}
}
if (!change)
break;
}
for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
int change = 0;
static struct students t;
for (int j = 0; j < num_parts - i - 1; j++)
{
if (stu[j].score > stu[j + 1].score)
{
t = stu[j + 1];
stu[j + 1] = stu[j];
stu[j] = t;
change = 1;
}
}
if (!change)
break;
}
printf("排序已完成");
} }
// 输出n个学生的学号、姓名及m门课程的成绩到文件student.txt中
void WritetoFile(STU stu[], int n, int m) void make_chart(void)
{ {
FILE *fp; printf("NUMBER | NAME score\n");
int i, j; for (int i = 0; i < num_parts; i++)
{
if ((fp = fopen("student.txt","w")) == NULL) printf("%d | %s ", stu[i].number, stu[i].name);
{ for (int j = 0; j < stu[i].score; j++)
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n"); {
exit(0); printf("*");
} }
fprintf(fp, "%d\t%d\n", n, m); //将学生人数和课程门数写入文件 printf("\n");
for (i=0; i<n; i++) }
{ printf("图表\n");
fprintf(fp, "%10ld%10s", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
{
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f", stu[i].score[j]);
}
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f%10.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
}
fclose(fp);
} }
//从文件中读取学生的学号、姓名及成绩等信息写入到结构体数组stu中
void ReadfromFile(STU stu[],int *n, int *m) int confirm(const char *msg)
{ {
FILE *fp; char c = 'n'; // 默认选择是 no
int i, j; printf("%s(Y/N): ", msg); // 提示输入 yes/no 进行确认
if ((fp = fopen("student.txt","r")) == NULL) scanf(" %c%*[^\n]", &c); // 读取第一个字符，忽略剩余字符
{ return c == 'y' || c == 'Y'; // 返回确认结果
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
exit(0);
}
fscanf(fp, "%d\t%d", n, m); // 从文件中读出学生人数和课程门数
for (i=0; i<*n; i++) //学生人数保存在n指向的存储单元
{
fscanf(fp, "%10ld", &stu[i].num);
fscanf(fp, "%10s", stu[i].name);
for (j=0; j<*m; j++)//课程门数保存在m指向的存储单元
{
fscanf(fp, "%10f", &stu[i].score[j]); //不能用%10.0f
}
fscanf(fp, "%10f%10f", &stu[i].sum, &stu[i].aver);//不能用%10.0f
}
fclose(fp);
} }
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